Design of a photovoltaic mppt charge controller using DC-DC zeta converter with a modified three-stage charging method

Abstract

Nowadays, one of the primary kinds of renewable energies is photovoltaic (PV) systems. In standalone PV systems, the battery charge controller plays an important role in the system efficiency. In the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller, due to adjusting the voltage level and tracking the maximum power, DC-DC converter and MPPT algorithm are used. ZETA converter, as a DC-DC converter, offers a low output ripple. In the proposed MPPT charge controller, a DC-DC ZETA converter accompanied by a P&O (perturb and observe) algorithm will be used for tracking maximum power. Furthermore, over-charging and gassing are phenomena that may reduce the battery life by increasing the battery's temperature. To overcome this obstacle, the proposed three-stage charging method, which is the battery charging voltage levels (bulk, absorption, and float) are based on the battery temperature. The proposed MPPT charge controller is used for providing lower temperature for the battery when being charged. By comparing the proposed MPPT charge controller with the conventional method, the simulation results can ensure the desired performance of the proposed charge controller.

Modernisation of DC-DC converter topologies for solar energy harvesting applications: A review

“…This component converts the PV-produced variable DC voltage into a fixed voltage that is proportionate to the load requirements. The MPPT controller simultaneously works to achieve MPP conversion from PV and provide a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to drive the DC-DC converter's switching mechanism [22], [23], [25], [27], [28], [32], [38], [39], [42], [43], [52], [77], [81], [93], [94], [98], [108], [112], [121]- [146]. These two processes happen simultaneously.…”

“…Solar tracking is the traditional way that is utilized to get the most out of the energy that is collected [156] [157]. One other approach that may be taken to get maximum power is called MPPT [6]- [8], [11], [12], [15], [19], [27], [28], [35], [41], [42], [48], [51], [52], [57], [62], [64]- [66], [69]- [71], [74], [77], [80], [82], [83], [85], [89], [90], [93], [95], [96], [98], [106], [108], [112], [113], [158]- [245]. The MPP can be detected with the use of an MPPT algorithm that is placed on the microcontroller [246].…”

“…Numerous methods are utilized on a regular basis to accomplish the task of tracking maximum power point in PV systems [185]. These methods include hill-climbing, perturbation and observation (P&O), look-up table, incremental conductance (Inc-Cond), linearization-based, DC-link capacitor droop control, curve fitting, extremum seeking control, feedback voltage or current, feedback of power variation with voltage, feedback of power variation with current, firefly algorithm, fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV), fractional short-circuit current (FSCI), artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony based optimization, one cycle control (OCC), ripple correlation control (RCC), parasitic capacitance, and slidingmode [6]- [8], [11], [12], [15], [19], [27], [28], [35], [41], [42], [48], [51], [52], [57], [62], [64]- [66], [69]- [71], [74], [77], [80], [82], [83], [85], [89], [90], [93], [95], [96], [98], [106], [108], [112], [113], [158]- [245].…”

“…A new soft switching converter that integrates the flyback and Zeta converters was studied by [40], [112], [144], [176], [212], [254], [294], [311], [316], [340], [362]- [364]. In the proposed converter, the flyback and Zeta topologies use the same power switches to reduce the power switch count.…”

Machine learning based cascaded ANN MPPT controller for erratic PV shading circumstances

“…High magnetic inrush current and the absence of load-side current protection from short circuit failures are problems with SEPIC [24]. A P&O based MPPT charge controller is evaluated using ZETA converter for battery charging, which shows poor performance during partial shading conditions (PSC) [25]. As a result, the majority of conventional boost converters cannot achieve constant output voltage, minimal current ripples, or a wide range of input and output tasks.…”