“…According to the condition of filler material deposition, the three most popular surfacing techniques utilized today are as follows: solution state (sole gel, electrochemical deposition [ 19 , 20 ], chemical solution deposition), gaseous state (ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD), chemical vapour deposition (CVD)), physical vapour deposition (PVD) [ 21 , 22 ] and molten or semi-molten state (arc welding, plasma technology [ 23 , 24 ], spraying [ [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] and laser/electron beam [ 29 , 30 ]. Another issue is the shaping properties of surface layers to improve the tribological characteristic and wear resistance by various surface engineering methods including heat treatment [ 31 , 32 ] and thermochemical treatment (oxidation [ 33 , 34 ], carburizing, boriding, nitriding [ 35 ]) etc. Among the variety of methods used for hardening coating applications, the simplest and most efficient are the arc welding techniques [ 2 , 36 , 37 ].…”