Design of a W/steel functionally graded material for plasma facing components of DEMO

Missiaen, Jean-Michel; Raharijaona, J.J.; Antoni, A; Pascal, C.; Richou, M.; Magaud, Ph.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.05.054

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Additionally, uniform composites with finer W powder were produced, to observe the effects of particle size, and the same with P91 steel powder, whose composition is closer to Eurofer (the prime candidate steel for future fusion reactors [18]). Finally, two 5-layer FGMs were produced with WC interlayer, intended to prevent the formation of W-Fe intermetallics [8]. Structural observations were carried out on polished cross sections using an EVO MA15 scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a way to avoid the Fe-W intermetallic formation, a WC layer was inserted to separate the tungsten and steel phases, as suggested in [8]. Fig.…”

Section: Structural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these issues can be solved by the use of interlayers or graded transitions between the two materials. It has been shown in specific tungsten/steel examples that the use of a graded interlayer can significantly reduce the maximum strain compared to a sharp interface [8] and that the thicker the graded layer, the more effective reduction of maximum strain is achieved [9]. Several techniques have been explored for the production of composites and graded layers, such as plasma spraying [10][11][12], pulse plasma sintering [13], resistance sintering [14] cladding [15], magnetron sputtering [16], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

W–steel and W–WC–steel composites and FGMs produced by hot pressing

Matějíček

Boldyryeva

Brožek

et al. 2015

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a way to avoid the Fe-W intermetallic formation, a WC layer was inserted to separate the tungsten and steel phases, as suggested in [8]. Fig.…”

Section: Structural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

W–steel and W–WC–steel composites and FGMs produced by hot pressing

Matějíček

Boldyryeva

Brožek

et al. 2015

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…Thermally induced stresses and strains may either spontaneously or in the long-term yield premature failure of the FW component requiring feasible ways to reduce the loads. [142,143] Here, especially the high neutron capture cross-section and long cooling down time of tungsten, required before maintenance, is limiting tungsten armor at the first wall to a thin layer in the order of a few millimeter. [144] As example systems for such armor layers, the development of FGMs between W as the PFM and the structural material, typically steel (EUROFER97), can be considered.…”

Section: W-steel Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion Materials Development at Forschungszentrum Jülich

Coenen

2020

Adv Eng Mater

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Material issues pose a significant challenge for the design of future fusion reactors. From a historic point of view, the material mix used for the first wall of a fusion reactor has continually evolved, from original steel vessels to carbon and other low-Z materials such as beryllium to tungsten as the primary candidate for a reactor's first wall armor and divertor material. For materials considered for fusion applications, a highly integrated approach is necessary. Resilience against neutron damage, good power exhaust, and oxidation resistance during accidental air ingress are design relevant issues while deciding on new materials or improving upon baseline materials. Neutron-induced effects, e.g., transmutation adding to embrittlement, retention, and changes to thermomechanical properties, are crucial to material performance. In this contribution, the recent progress (2013-2019) in fusion materials development for current and future fusion devices, at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, with activities focussing on advanced materials and their characterization is given. It is a continuation and extension of the work given by Coenen et al.

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“…The joining of dissimilar materials presents a number of challenges, chief of them being the development of stresses at the interface upon thermal loading. These stresses can be effectively reduced by introduction of the so-called functionally graded materials (FGMs) which replace the sharp interface with a gradual transition in composition [3,4]. Further issues to be considered in joining include possible reaction of the materials, changes…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of processing technologies for tungsten-steel composites and FGMs for fusion applications

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Tungsten is a prime candidate material for the plasma-facing components in future fusion devices, e.g. ITER and DEMO. Because of the harsh and complex loading conditions and the differences in material properties, joining of the tungsten armor to the underlying construction and/or cooling parts is a complicated issue. To alleviate the thermal stresses at the joint, a sharp interface may be replaced by a gradual one with a smoothly varying composition. In this paper, several techniques for the formation of tungsten-steel composites and graded layers are reviewed. These include plasma spraying, laser cladding, hot pressing and spark plasma sintering. Structure, composition and selected thermal and mechanical properties of representative layers produced by each of these techniques are presented. A summary of advantages and disadvantages of the techniques and an assessment of their suitability for the production of plasma-facing components is provided.

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Design of a W/steel functionally graded material for plasma facing components of DEMO

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

W–steel and W–WC–steel composites and FGMs produced by hot pressing

W–steel and W–WC–steel composites and FGMs produced by hot pressing

Fusion Materials Development at Forschungszentrum Jülich

Overview of processing technologies for tungsten-steel composites and FGMs for fusion applications

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