Design of all-optical JK, SR and T flip-flops using micro-ring resonator-based optical switch

Bharti, Gaurav Kumar; Rakshit, Jayanta Kumar

doi:10.1007/s11107-017-0754-4

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similarly, it has been shown earlier that neurons can be designed to emulate flip-flops -the flip-flop neurons -and can be incorporated into neural architectures to solve temporal decision making problems with long delays (Holla and Chakravarthy, 2016) 21 . 37 . In this study, the flip-flops are fashioned after JK flip-flops in particular since these flip-flops subsume both SR and Toggle flip-flops, and are known to be universal flip-flops 38 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Flip-flop neuron – A memory efficient alternative for solving challenging sequence processing and decision making problems

Kumari

Vigneswaran

Chakravarthy

2021

Preprint

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Sequential decision making tasks that require information integration over extended durations of time are challenging for several reasons including the problem of vanishing gradients, long training times and significant memory requirements. To this end we propose a neuron model fashioned after the JK flip-flops in digital systems. A flip-flop is a sequential device that can store state information of the previous history. We incorporate the JK flip-flop neuron into several deep network architectures and apply the networks to difficult sequence processing problems. The proposed architectures include flip-flop neural networks (FFNNs), bidirectional flip-flop neural networks (BiFFNNs), convolutional flip-flop neural networks (ConvFFNNs), and bidirectional convolutional flip-flop neural networks (BiConvFFNNs). Learning rules of proposed architectures have also been derived. We have considered the most popular benchmark sequential tasks like signal generation, sentiment analysis, handwriting generation, text generation, video frame prediction, lung volume prediction, and action recognition to evaluate the proposed networks. Finally, we compare the results of our networks with the results from analogous networks with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neurons on the same sequential tasks. Our results show that the JK flip-flop networks outperform the LSTM networks significantly or marginally on all the tasks, with only half of the trainable parameters.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Flip-flop neuron – A memory efficient alternative for solving challenging sequence processing and decision making problems

Kumari

Vigneswaran

Chakravarthy

2021

Preprint

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“…168 Optical MRR-based switch was utilized to achieve easy and cascadable structures for AO-JK, SR, and T FFs. 169 A design of AO-D FF and 2-bit down counter was proposed based on nonlinear effect in optical MRR to achieve satisfactory performance metrics. 170 An AO-counter based on RS FF and AND gate was presented using cascaded stages of SOA fiber laser utilizing FWM effect.…”

Section: Ao-sequential Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on all-optical logic gates: design techniques and classifications – heading toward high-speed optical integrated circuits

Anagha

Jeyachitra

2022

Opt. Eng.

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All-optical logic gates (AO-LGs) are the key elements that play a pivotal role in the development of future all-optical networks and all-optical computing. A complete overview of the seven all-optical logic gates (i.e., AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR, NAND, and NOR) based on their design techniques and applications are covered, including the latest technologies, such as topological photonics and artificial intelligence-based designs techniques. In addition, we have further categorized the AO-LGs as reconfigurable gates, simultaneous gates, reversible gates, modulation-based gates, and data rate-based gates. The techniques to implement these different classes of gates are reviewed and their limitations are discussed. We also discuss in brief the various simulation tools used to design and analyze the AO-LGs. Finally, the most feasible techniques for constructing optical integrated circuits based on the existing fabrication technologies and available resources are explored, and future prospects are outlined.

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“…The J-K FF was already explicitly described in Ref. 6. All of the other FFs can be designed using this J-K FF, and hence, J-K FF is termed the universal FF.…”

Section: Micro-ring Resonator-based Synchronous and Asynchronous Coun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past few years, all-optical technology has been adopted by many researchers to design logic gates, different combinational logic circuits, different sequential logic circuits, sensors, etc., using various techniques, such as Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), semiconductor-optical amplifier (SOA), quantum-dot SOA, terahertz-optical asymmetric de-multiplexers (TOAD), non-linear material (NLM), and micro-ring resonator (MRR) 1 – 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of all-optical synchronous and asynchronous binary up counters using silicon micro-ring resonator

Hossain

Rakshit

2022

Opt. Eng.

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All-optical synchronous and asynchronous binary up counters that employ silicon micro-ring resonator-based T flip-flops are proposed. An alternative approach to design all-optical synchronous and asynchronous binary up counters is also demonstrated using fewer optical components. The proposed design is theoretically realized in MATLAB simulation software at a very high operational speed of 260 Gbps. The performance of this design is validated through amplitude difference, contrast ratio, extinction ratio, amplitude modulation, on-off ratio, etc. The optimized values of the micro-ring resonator are achieved through numerical simulation, which will help to implement the proposed design practically.

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Design of all-optical JK, SR and T flip-flops using micro-ring resonator-based optical switch

Cited by 48 publications

References 37 publications

The Flip-flop neuron – A memory efficient alternative for solving challenging sequence processing and decision making problems

The Flip-flop neuron – A memory efficient alternative for solving challenging sequence processing and decision making problems

Review on all-optical logic gates: design techniques and classifications – heading toward high-speed optical integrated circuits

Implementation of all-optical synchronous and asynchronous binary up counters using silicon micro-ring resonator

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