Design of Counter Beam Tunnel Lights for CIE 88 : 2004 Regulation in Threshold Zone

Abstract

To enhance driving safety, a counter beam light is proposed to meet CIE (International Commission on Illumination) specifications for tunnel lighting. The proposed new counter beam light (CBL) acts as a qualified counter beam light to help tunnel road lighting meet the CIE 88 : 2004 regulation standard in the threshold zone in both simulation and in practice. Through appropriate arrangements of the counter beam light and conventional fluorescent lights on the tunnel ceiling, we demonstrate that road tunnel lighting meeting CIE 88 : 2004 standards can be accomplished. Based on LiteStar four-dimensional simulation, the source file created through the measurement of the proposed CBL prototype achieved an average road surface brightness of 121 cd/m2, which is greater than the minimum regulation level of 105 cd/m2, a brightness uniformity of 0.88 (minimum regulation level of 0.4), longitudinal brightness uniformity of 0.98 (minimum regulation level of 0.6), a glare factor of 4.41% (maximum level of 15%), and a contrast revealing coefficient of 1.08, which is above the 0.6 minimum level in the threshold zone.

Comparative Analysis of Flat Cube Reflectors for Automotive Safety to Meet Regulatory Standards of US Society of Automotive Engineers and EU Economic Commission for Europe

“…Complementing this, Figure 2 showcases the versatile applications of flat cube reflectors, spanning from road pavements to vehicular surfaces, underscoring their ubiquitous presence in the realm of traffic safety. Moreover, Figure 3 delves deeper into the intricate geometry of cube reflectors, illustrating the convergence of angles and surfaces critical to their reflective efficacy [4], [5], [6].…”

Modeling Night and Daylighting Toll Road Tunnel Using Dialux to Compare the Performance of HPS and LED Lamp

“…Thus, the lighting must also be more resistant to dangerous substances in vehicle exhaust gases such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbon monoxide, etc. Several types of lamps recommended for tunnel lighting are High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps and Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps [24], [27], [28], [29].…”

Design and Prototyping of Efficient LED Counter Beam Light with Free-Formed Surface for Meeting International Tunnel Lighting Standards

“…Compared with the conventional lights used in road tunnels, such as High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) lights and fluorescent lights [2][3][4][5], the light-emitting diode (LED) [6][7][8] possesses the advantages of a better optical efficiency, less heat radiation, lower power consumption, longer lifetime, smaller emitting angle, lack of mercury release, etc. However, like other light sources, LEDs alone cannot provide the necessary intensity distribution in all applications.…”

“…This is achieved by the adequate illumination of the inside of the tunnel and allows the driver to quickly adapt to the light environment inside the tunnel and avoid obstacles and accidents that can occur within. The drivers should be able to discern the presence of other vehicles and possible obstacles in the road [2,3]. The "black hole" effect at the entrance of the tunnel during the day must particularly be avoided.…”