Design of diamond anodes in electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants

He, Yapeng; Zhao, Dandi; Lin, Haibo; Huang, Hui; Li, Hongdong; Guo, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100878

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…It should be noted that an increase in current density increases the cost of EO due to the increase in energy consumption, so finding the optimal point could result in an energysaving strategy. However, an increase in current density does not always enhance the oxidation rate for increasing the removal efficiency of pollutants due to the occurrence of the oxygen evolution reaction and/or mass transport limitations [36,37]. Many works have investigated the changes in current density on the efficiency of the EO reaction and finally suggested the optimal current intensity, shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Effect Of the Current Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview

Najafinejad¹,

Chianese²,

Fenti³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In recent years, the discharge of various emerging pollutants, chemicals and dyes in water and wastewater has represented one of the prominent human problems. Since water pollution is directly related to human health, highly resistant and emerging compounds in aquatic environments will pose many potential risks to the health of all living. Therefore, water pollution is a very acute problem that has constantly increased in recent years with the expansion of various industries. Consequently, choosing efficient and innovative wastewater treatment methods to remove contaminants is crucial. Among advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical oxidation (EO) is the most common and effective method for removing persistent pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewater. However, there are still many gaps despite the great progress in using EO to treat real wastewater. This is due to the lack of comprehensive information on the operating parameters which affect the process and its operating costs. In this paper, among various scientific articles, the impact of operational parameters on the EO performances, a comparison between different electrochemical reactor configurations, and a report on general mechanisms of electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants have been reported. Moreover, an evaluation of cost analysis and energy consumption requirements have also been discussed. Finally, the combination process between EO and another important advanced oxidation technology, PEC, called photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), has shortly been discussed and reviewed. This article showed that there is a direct relationship between important operating parameters with the amount of costs and the final removal efficiency of emerging pollutants. Optimal operating conditions can be achieved by paying special attention to reactor design, which can lead to higher efficiency and more efficient treatment. The rapid development of EO for removing emerging pollutants from impacted water and its combination with other green methods can result in more efficient approaches to face the pressing water pollution challenge.

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Section: Effect Of the Current Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview

Najafinejad¹,

Chianese²,

Fenti³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…2and dissolved oxygen) that favors the electrogeneration of HORS, which are able to oxidize organic matter present in the aqueous medium until its complete mineralization (reactions 1, 2, and 3) (Armijos-Alcocer et al, 2017;Moreira et al, 2017;De Battisti & Martínez-Huitle, 2018;Espinoza-Montero et al, 2020;Carrera-Cevallos et al, 2021;He et al, 2022). On BDD, the direct electro-oxidation (EO) of organic compounds (R) occurs according to reaction (1), and the indirect/mediated oxidation occurs via HORS, electrogenerated on the anode, such as the physisorbed hydroxyl radical BDD ( • OH) (reactions (2) and ( 3)) and other HORS species as given in the following reactions:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These species can be radical (e.g., hydroxyl radicals ( • OH), sulfate radical (

), carbonate radical (

), superoxide ion (

), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 )) or non-radical (e.g., chlorine species chlorine (Cl 2 ), hypochlorous acid (HClO), hypochlorous ion (ClO − ), and chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ); peroxydisulfate (

) and peroxydicarbonate

) anions and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )) ( Espinoza-Montero et al, 2022 ; Soliu Oladejo Ganiyu et al, 2021 ). In real wastewaters, we can find a great variety of inorganic ions (e.g., Cl − , HCO 3 − /CO 3 2- , SO 4 2- and dissolved oxygen) that favors the electrogeneration of HORS, which are able to oxidize organic matter present in the aqueous medium until its complete mineralization (reactions 1, 2, and 3) ( Armijos-Alcocer et al, 2017 ; Moreira et al, 2017 ; De Battisti & Martínez-Huitle, 2018 ; Espinoza-Montero et al, 2020 ; Carrera-Cevallos et al, 2021 ; He et al, 2022 ). On BDD, the direct electro-oxidation (EO) of organic compounds (R) occurs according to reaction (1), and the indirect/mediated oxidation occurs via HORS, electrogenerated on the anode, such as the physisorbed hydroxyl radical BDD ( • OH) (reactions (2) and (3)) and other HORS species as given in the following reactions:

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical degradation of surfactants in domestic wastewater using a DiaClean® cell equipped with a boron-doped diamond electrode

et al. 2023

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Treating domestic wastewater has become more and more complicated due to the high content of different types of detergents. In this context, advanced electro-oxidation (AEO) has become a powerful tool for complex wastewater remediation. The electrochemical degradation of surfactants present in domestic wastewater was carried out using a DiaClean® cell in a recirculation system equipped with boron-doped diamond (BDD) as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode. The effect of recirculation flow (1.5, 4.0 and 7.0 L min−1) and the applied current density (j = 7, 14, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mA cm−2) was studied. The degradation was followed by the concentration of surfactants, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and turbidity. pH value, conductivity, temperature, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, and chlorides were also evaluated. Toxicity assays were studied through evaluating Chlorella sp. performance at 0, 3, and 7 h of treatment. Finally, the mineralization was followed by total organic carbon (TOC) under optimal operating conditions. The results showed that applying j = 14 mA cm−2 and a flow rate of 1.5 L min−1 during 7 h of electrolysis were the best conditions for the efficient mineralization of wastewater, achieving the removal of 64.7% of surfactants, 48.7% of COD, 24.9% of turbidity, and 44.9% of mineralization analyzed by the removal of TOC. The toxicity assays showed that Chlorella microalgae were unable to grow in AEO-treated wastewater (cellular density: 0 × 104 cells ml−1 after 3- and 7-h treatments). Finally, the energy consumption was analyzed, and the operating cost of 1.40 USD m−3 was calculated. Therefore, this technology allows for the degradation of complex and stable molecules such as surfactants in real and complex wastewater, if toxicity is not taken into account.

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“…The aforesaid active species have been validated to remove the dye-type and other organic pollutants from the solution [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Unlike •OH, SO 4 •− , and O 2 •− species, the species of active chlorine (Cl 2 , HClO, and ClO – ) can efficiently remove the ammonium besides the organic pollutants [ 15 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of PbO2/PVDF/CC Composite and Employment for the Removal of Methyl Orange

et al. 2023

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The in situ electrochemical oxidation process has received considerable attention for the removal of dye molecules and ammonium from textile dyeing and finishing wastewater. Nevertheless, the cost and durability of the catalytic anode have seriously limited industrial applications of this technique. In this work, the lab-based waste polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was employed to fabricate a novel lead dioxide/polyvinylidene fluoride/carbon cloth composite (PbO2/PVDF/CC) via integrated surface coating and electrodeposition processes. The influences of operating parameters (pH, Cl− concentration, current density, and initial concentration of pollutant) on the oxidation efficiency of PbO2/PVDF/CC were evaluated. Under optimal conditions, this composite achieves a 100% decolorization of methyl orange (MO), 99.48% removal of ammonium, and 94.46% conversion for ammonium-based nitrogen to N2, as well as an 82.55% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). At the coexistent condition of ammonium and MO, MO decolorization, ammonium, and COD removals still remain around 100%, 99.43%, and 77.33%, respectively. It can be assigned to the synergistic oxidation effect of hydroxyl radical and chloride species for MO and the chlorine oxidation action for ammonium. Based on the determination of various intermediates, MO is finally mineralized to CO2 and H2O, and ammonium is mainly converted to N2. The PbO2/PVDF/CC composite exhibits excellent stability and safety.

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Design of diamond anodes in electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants

Cited by 13 publications

References 67 publications

Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview

Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview

Electrochemical degradation of surfactants in domestic wastewater using a DiaClean® cell equipped with a boron-doped diamond electrode

Fabrication of PbO2/PVDF/CC Composite and Employment for the Removal of Methyl Orange

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