Design of Embedded Bio-Impedance Analyzer Based on Digital Auto Balancing Bridge Method

Li, Nan; Guo, Jinglong; Nie, Hong; Wei, Yi; Liu, Hai Jun; Xu, Hui

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.396

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The main advantage of the system is that it is modular and can interface with more than one DABB circuits with minimal increase in system resources. In this work the system has been demonstrated for three multichannel measurements compared to single sensor measurements [6]. The system has been simulated successfully and has comparable performance to other FPGA based solutions [7,14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The size of control unit also is also expandable to handle the increased number of the ready signals coming from the BIS modules increases and the increased number of loops going through the BIS modules. In the current system, the 6-bit flags can support up to 2 6 or 64 BIS modules in total. Further expansion is also possible with code modifications of the flags to accommodate more than 64 BIS modules.…”

Section: System Expandabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impedance analyzer is a large device which limits the portability of the sensors, ii) Multichannel measurements are not supported [6], iii) a computer is required to store data and perform further analysis. To address these difficulties, this work presents a bio-impedance spectroscopy system on field programmable arrays (FPGAs) that is capable of generating alternating voltage signals at various frequencies as well as measuring bioimpedance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconfigurable, Multi-channel and Modular Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System on Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Nordin¹,

Al-Hashimi²,

Azman³

2017

Preprint

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a multichannel bio-impedance spectroscopy system on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The proposed system is capable of acquiring multiple signals from multiple bio-impedance sensors, process the data on the FPGA and store the final data in the on-board Memory. The system employs the Digital Automatic Balance Bridge (DABB) method to acquire data from biosensors. The DABB measures initial data of a known impedance to extrapolate the value of the impedance for the device under test. This method offers a simpler design because the balancing of the circuit is done digitally in the FPGA rather than using an external circuit. Calculations of the impedance values for the device under test were done in the processor. The final data is sent to an onboard Flash Memory to be stored for later access. The control unit handles the interfacing and the scheduling between these different modules (Processor, Flash Memory) as well as interfacing to multiple Balance Bridge and multiple biosensors. The system has been simulated successfully and has comparable performance to other FPGA based solutions. The system has a robust design that is capable of handling and interfacing input from multiple biosensors. Data processing and storage is also performed with minimal resources on the FPGA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: System Expandabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconfigurable, Multi-channel and Modular Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System on Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Nordin¹,

Al-Hashimi²,

Azman³

2017

Preprint

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“…Pspice simulations demonstrated a bandwidth of less than 1 MHz [20]. Recently a digital auto-balancing bridge-based BIS using a voltage source and extensive FPGA digital functions were developed to achieve good performance in simulation up to 10 MHz [21]. No measurement results or calibration methods for realistic stray impedance have been provided so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of wideband bio-impedance spectroscopy using constant voltage source and constant current source

Mohamadou

et al. 2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Current sources are widely used in bio-impedance spectroscopy (BIS) measurement systems to maximize current injection for increased signal to noise while keeping within medical safety specifications. High-performance current sources based on the Howland current pump with optimized impedance converters are able to minimize stray capacitance of the cables and setup. This approach is limited at high frequencies primarily due to the deteriorated output impedance of the constant current source when situated in a real measurement system. For this reason, voltage sources have been suggested, but they require a current sensing resistor, and the SNR reduces at low impedance loads due to the lower current required to maintain constant voltage. In this paper, we compare the performance of a current source-based BIS and a voltage source-based BIS, which use common components. The current source BIS is based on a Howland current pump and generalized impedance converters to maintain a high output impedance of more than 1 MΩ at 2 MHz. The voltage source BIS is based on voltage division between an internal current sensing resistor (Rs) and an external sample. To maintain high SNR, Rs is varied so that the source voltage is divided more or less equally. In order to calibrate the systems, we measured the transfer function of the BIS systems with several known resistor and capacitor loads. From this we may estimate the resistance and capacitance of biological tissues using the least-squares method to minimize error between the measured transimpedance excluding the system transfer function and that from an impedance model. When tested on realistic loads including discrete resistors and capacitors, and saline and agar phantoms, the voltage source-based BIS system had a wider bandwidth of 10 Hz to 2.2 MHz with less than 1% deviation from the expected spectra compared to more than 10% with the current source. The voltage source also showed an SNR of at least 60 dB up to 2.2 MHz in comparison to the current source-based BIS system where the SNR drops below 40 dB for frequencies greater than 1 MHz.

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VLSI Implementation of Low-Power and High-SFDR Digital Frequency Synthesizer for Underwater Instruments and Network Systems

Juang

Sung

Hsin

2014

Springer Proceedings in Physics

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Design of Embedded Bio-Impedance Analyzer Based on Digital Auto Balancing Bridge Method

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Reconfigurable, Multi-channel and Modular Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System on Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Reconfigurable, Multi-channel and Modular Bioimpedance Spectroscopy System on Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Performance evaluation of wideband bio-impedance spectroscopy using constant voltage source and constant current source

VLSI Implementation of Low-Power and High-SFDR Digital Frequency Synthesizer for Underwater Instruments and Network Systems

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