Design of Experiments-Assisted Development of Clotrimazole-Loaded Ionic Polymeric Micelles Based on Hyaluronic Acid

Catenacci, Laura; Marrubini, Giorgio; Sorrenti, Milena; Rossi, Silvia; Sandri, Giuseppina; Ferrari, Franca; Fagnani, Valentina; Valentino, Caterina

doi:10.3390/nano10040635

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…An improper application of the drug or its irregular use may be a secondary cause of an unsatisfactory clinical response. To improve topical treatments, new drug formulations are under development, e.g., combinations with chitosan [ 26 ], intravaginal rings [ 28 ], clotrimazole-loaded polymeric micelles with hyaluronic acid [ 29 ], and many others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to Clotrimazole of Candida spp. Isolated from the Genitourinary System—A Single Center Study

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility to clotrimazole of 125 isolates of Candida spp. originated from the genitourinary system of hospitalized patients as well as outpatients, tested in the mycological laboratory of Wroclaw Medical University in the years 1999–2018. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of clotrimazole and fluconazole were determined with the use of the microdilution method according to EUCAST, and the MFC was determined by subsequent subculture on Sabouraud agar. For the tested population of Candida yeasts, the MIC values of clotrimazole ranged from 0.008 to 8 mg/L, and MIC90 was 1 mg/L, whereas MIC50 was 0.008 mg/L. The minimal fungicidal concentration ranged between 1 and >8 mg/L. The great majority of the isolates (88%; 110/125) displayed MIC < 1 mg/L and were classified as WT (wild-type), whereas MIC ≥ 1 mg/L was determined for 2/61 (3.2%) isolates of C. albicans, 9/38 (23.6%) of C. glabrata, 1/2 of C. tropicalis, and 3/3 of C. guilliermondii. Six isolates (four of C. glabrata and two of C. albicans), defined as non-WT for clotrimazole, were classified as resistant to fluconazole, according to CBP from EUCAST. The isolates with elevated MIC to clotrimazole originated mostly from patients of the pediatric hematology unit, and their proportion in this population amounted to 17.8% (13 out of 73 isolates). In contrast, among strains from ambulatory patients, the highest observed MIC value was 1 mg/L (1 out of 37 isolates; 2.7%). The data obtained correlate well with those of most published studies on the in vitro susceptibility of Candida spp. to clotrimazole, which is usually very high. However, the existence of reports regarding the growing prevalence of resistant isolates has also to be noted. These results support the need for routinely checking the susceptibility of Candida clinical isolates to this imidazole derivative.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to Clotrimazole of Candida spp. Isolated from the Genitourinary System—A Single Center Study

et al. 2021

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“…Catenacci et al [ 119 ] prepared clotrimazole-loaded ionic polymeric micelles based on HA. The HA derivatives were prepared by the interaction of HA carboxylic groups and the amine groups of dodecyl amine and hexadecyl amine.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic Acid. Extraction Methods, Sources and Applications

Graciela,

José Juan,

Gieraldin

et al. 2023

Polymers

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In this review, a compilation of articles in databases on the extraction methods and applications of hyaluronic acid (HA) was carried out. HA is a highly hydrated component of different tissues, including connective, epithelial, and neural. It is an anionic, linear glycosaminoglycan (GAG) primarily found in the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of soft connective tissues. Included in the review were studies on the extraction methods (chemical, enzymatical, combined) of HA, describing advantages and disadvantages as well as news methods of extraction. The applications of HA in food are addressed, including oral supplementation, biomaterials, medical research, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry applications. Subsequently, we included a section related to the structure and penetration routes of the skin, with emphasis on the benefits of systems for transdermal drug delivery nanocarriers as promoters of percutaneous absorption. Finally, the future trends on the applications of HA were included. This final section contains the effects before, during, and after the application of HA-based products.

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“…This challenge has been addressed through the utilization of various formulations, including nano-based structures, to enhance clotrimazole's bioavailability and efficacy (Santos et al, 2013;Tonglairoum et al, 2017). For the intended purpose, several nano-based systems such as nanocapsules (Santos et al, 2014), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) (Nogueira et al, 2022), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) (Cassano et al, 2016), liposomes (Abdellatif et al, 2020), nanoemulsions (Soriano-Ruiz et al, 2019), and polymeric micelles (Tonglairoum et al, 2017;Kareem et al, 2019;Catenacci et al, 2020;Albayaty et al, 2021) have been utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano drug delivery platform based on thermosensitive PEG-PCL hydrogel encapsulated in silver-bearing micelles and its antifungal activity investigation against vaginal candidiasis

2023

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Introduction: Vaginal candidiasis is a genital mucosal disease. Polymeric micelles (PMs) utilization due to improved solubility and low bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs e.g. clotrimazole is of interest. Silver nanoparticles could be applied to enhance antifungal properties. Loading PMs in injectable thermosensitive hydrogels by rapid distribution across vaginal walls improves the bioavailability of the drug and provides suitable therapeutic efficiency for drug delivery systems.Method: PCL-PEG-PCL (LGL) and PEG-PCL-PEG (GLG) copolymers were characterized by FTIR, HNMR, and GPC. Zeta potential and Size of synthesized PMs were determined by EMSA and DLS technics and morphological examination of PMs was conducted by FESEM and TEM. Silver-bearing polymeric micelles (PM-Ag) were characterized by DLS and LDE technics. EDX and UV-VIS spectroscopy confirmed silver nanoparticles' binding to PMs. Thermosensitive GLG hydrogel was considered a carrier for PM-Ag.Results: Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content of micelles were calculated 64.53% and 14.6% respectively. The diameter and zeta potential of PMs were measured 166 ± 1.73 nm±SD and −6.26 ± 0.3 mV±SD and after silver-bearing it reached 197 ± 2.29 nm±SD and −5.38 ± 0.45 mV±SD respectively.Discussion: The biocompatibility of samples was investigated by MTT assay and the results indicated that up to a concentration of 125 µg/mL, the relative cell viability percentage exceeded 80%. Therefore, by considering the acceptable antifungal activity of the samples against C. Albicans, the designed drug delivery system is capable of sustained drug release over a specified period.

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Design of Experiments-Assisted Development of Clotrimazole-Loaded Ionic Polymeric Micelles Based on Hyaluronic Acid

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Susceptibility to Clotrimazole of Candida spp. Isolated from the Genitourinary System—A Single Center Study

Susceptibility to Clotrimazole of Candida spp. Isolated from the Genitourinary System—A Single Center Study

Hyaluronic Acid. Extraction Methods, Sources and Applications

Nano drug delivery platform based on thermosensitive PEG-PCL hydrogel encapsulated in silver-bearing micelles and its antifungal activity investigation against vaginal candidiasis

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