Prompt action is needed to reduce the unacceptably high rate of unwarranted cesarean deliveries. Improving women's knowledge about the risks and benefits of different modes of delivery can lead to a positive maternal attitude towards vaginal delivery.
No data exist on the population prevalence of, or risk factors for, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Iran or the Middle East. Cervical specimens were obtained from 825 married women aged 18-59 years from the general population of Tehran, Iran and from 45 locally diagnosed invasive cervical cancers (ICC) according to the standardized protocol of the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV Prevalence Surveys. HPV was detected and genotyped using a GP5+/6+ PCR-based assay. HPV prevalence in the general population was 7.8% (95% confidence interval: 6.0-9.8) (5.1% of high-risk types), with no significant variation by age. HPV positivity was significantly higher among divorced women, women in polygamous marriages and those reporting husband's absence from home for >7 nights/month. HPV16/18 accounted for 30 and 82.2% of HPV-positive women in the general population and ICC, respectively. Cervical cancer prevention policies should take into account the relatively low HPV prevalence in this population.
The application of oral evening primrose oil compared with placebo for controlling hot flashes may decrease more the intensity of attacks as well as ameliorating the HFRDIS score.
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