Design of green zinc‐based thermal stabilizers derived from tung oil fatty acid and study of thermal stabilization for PVC

Abstract

In this study, a new type of mixed calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) thermal stabilizers was prepared and evaluated for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) thermal stabilization. The mixed stabilizers were based on the Ca and Zn salts of polycarboxylic acid derived from eleostearic acid—the dominant fatty acid of tung oil fatty acids. Eleostearic acid was converted to a 21‐carbon diacid (C21DA) and a 22‐carbon triacid (C22TA), respectively, which were subsequently turned into calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) salts. Thermal stability of PVC compounds was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), discoloration test, Congo red test, and thermal decomposition kinetics. In comparison, commercial mixed Ca/Zn thermal stabilizers composed of stearate salts (CaSt2/ZnSt2), were employed as controls. Because the salts of C21DA, C22TA and stearate have different metal contents, thermal stabilization effects were compared on the basis of both equal salt weight and equal metal ion content. It was noted that under both cases the long‐term thermal stability of the PVC samples followed the order of C21DA‐Ca/C21DA‐Zn > C22TA‐Ca/C22TA‐Zn > CaSt2/ZnSt2. The results suggest that the mixed Ca/Zn salts based on tung oil‐derived polycarboxylic acids have higher metal ion contents and cycloaliphatic structures and can effectively improve the thermal stability of PVC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44679.

Synthesis and Study of Zinc Orotate and Its Synergistic Effect with Commercial Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

“…And the zinc content of ZnOr 2 acquired by heat weight of the crucible was 15.68 %. Therefore, we infer that the molecular formula of this compound is Zn(C 5 H 3 N 2 O 4 ) 2 ·2H 2 O (theoretical value of zinc content is 15.82%) [22,23].…”

Facile Synthesis of Di-Mannitol Adipate Ester-Based Zinc Metal Alkoxide As Bi-Functional Additives for PVC

“…Although lead salts have the best thermal stability for PVC, the toxicity restricts their application. Metal soap, such as calcium stearate (CaSt2), and zinc stearate (ZnSt2), has no toxicity, but the thermal stabilizing effect on PVC is not ideal, especially the "zinc-burning" will lead to rapid degradation of PVC [5][6][7][8][9][10] . Organotin has an excellent thermal stability on PVC, but the cost of is too high [11] .…”

Development and Investigation of Lanthanum Sulfadiazine with Calcium Stearate and Epoxidised Soyabean Oil as Complex Thermal Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(vinyl chloride)

“…In order to compare the thermal stability effects of LaSD, LaSD/ESBO, LaSD/ESBO/CaSt 2 on PVC, the three samples which had the best thermal stability effects from the above experiments were selected for TGA testing at diverse heating rates [37,38]. The test conditions involved heated from room temperature to 400 °C in the air atmosphere with heating rates of 10, 15, 20 and 25 K/min.…”