2020
DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2020-0014
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Design of Howland current sources using differential evolution optimization

Abstract: Howland circuits have been widely used in Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy applications as reliable current sources. This paper presents an algorithm based on Differential Evolution for the automated design of Enhanced Howland Sources according to arbitrary design constraints while respecting the Howland ratio condition. Results showed that the algorithm can obtain solutions to commonly sought objectives, such as maximizing the output impedance at a given frequency, making it a versatile method to be emplo… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(1 citation statement)
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“…11 Special HCS circuits with error feedback control can be designed for driving high loads in a wider frequency range. 12 Some bioimpedance analyzers use multiple electrodes, then it requires the use of multiplexers which, in turns, add more stray capacitance in the measuring system. Multiple current sources, error feedback control and buffer isolation might be of interested for improving the BIA accuracy.…”
Section: Accuracy and Precision Impactsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…11 Special HCS circuits with error feedback control can be designed for driving high loads in a wider frequency range. 12 Some bioimpedance analyzers use multiple electrodes, then it requires the use of multiplexers which, in turns, add more stray capacitance in the measuring system. Multiple current sources, error feedback control and buffer isolation might be of interested for improving the BIA accuracy.…”
Section: Accuracy and Precision Impactsmentioning
confidence: 99%