Design of Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Architectures Using Auto-Generation of Feasible Driving Modes

Bayrak, Alparslan Emrah; Ren, Yi; Papalambros, Panos Y.

doi:10.1115/detc2013-13043

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Different modeling methods, i.e., automatic modeling [23,24] and bond graphs [25], have been applied to study all possible single-PG designs. Since the design space for a single-PG hybrid is not large, the final drive and PG ratios are considered as design variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Optimization of Topology and Component Sizes for Double Planetary Gear Hybrid Powertrains

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Hybrid powertrain technologies are successful in the passenger car market and have been actively developed in recent years. Optimal topology selection, component sizing, and controls are required for competitive hybrid vehicles, as multiple goals must be considered simultaneously: fuel efficiency, emissions, performance, and cost. Most of the previous studies explored these three design dimensions separately. In this paper, two novel frameworks combining these three design dimensions together are presented and compared. One approach is nested optimization which searches through the whole design space exhaustively. The second approach is called enhanced iterative optimization, which executes the topology optimization and component sizing alternately. A case study shows that the later method can converge to the global optimal design generated from the nested optimization, and is much more computationally efficient. In addition, we also address a known issue of optimal designs: their sensitivity to parameters, such as varying vehicle weight, which is a concern especially for the design of hybrid buses. Therefore, the iterative optimization process is applied to design a robust multi-mode hybrid electric bus under different loading scenarios as the final design challenge of this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Optimization of Topology and Component Sizes for Double Planetary Gear Hybrid Powertrains

et al. 2016

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“…Heuristics or human judgment can be applied to assess the feasibility of a topology (Bayrak et al, 2013). If a powertrain architecture is feasible, it can be further improved by optimizing the size of its components.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ford Hybrid System, Toyota Hybrid System I & II, and GM-Allsion Hybrid system use variations of the Powersplit hybrid system, but include clutches and/or multiple planetary gearsets (Bayrak et al, 2013;Kawahashi and Toyota Motor Corporation, 2004;Miller and Everett, 2005). The focus on this paper is only on full hybrids-hybrids that can be driven on all electric power.…”

Section: Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a Prius-like Powersplit powertrain will operate as a Parallel hybrid if the sun gear is locked; the planetary gearset reduces to a simple gear ratio, and the engine will provide traction through the ring gear to the final drive. Alternatively, when the sun gear is not locked, the engine will turn the generator to generate electricity like a Series Hybrid (Ehsani et al, 2010;Bayrak et al, 2013;Kawahashi and Toyota Motor Corporation, 2004). This flexibility makes the Powersplit Hybrid very efficient and thus the basic architecture has been adopted (with some modifications), for commercial application by Toyota, General Motors, and Ford.…”

Section: Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bayrak et al (Bayrak et al, 2013) described a systematic method to select the optimal configuration for an architecture containing two planetary gearsets, one engine and two electric motors. The topology is represented using bond graphs, and the system equations are generated in state space form.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated topology optimisation of hybrid electric vehicle powertrains

Ing

McPhee

2015

IJEHV

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Abstract:Hybrid Electric powertrains are comprised of gasoline and electric powertrains components. These components can be connected in numerous configurations; as the number of components increase, the number of configurations increase exponentially. In this research, an algorithm was developed to automatically assemble and compare all possible hybrid electric powertrain configurations. Combinatorics was used to discover all possible combinations of: an internal combustion engine, high-torque low-speed electric motor, low-torque high-speed electric motor, planetary gearset, five-speed discrete gearbox, and battery. The Graph Theoretic Method was used to generate the powertrain models. The steadystate system models were solved symbolically, and Dynamic Programming was used to determine the optimal control law that minimized fuel consumption. To save computation time, topologies were evaluated using a multi-stage screening process. The component sizes of the top 24 topologies were optimized and ranked by fuel consumption. It was found that the Parallel and Powersplit-like topologies with discrete gearboxes were most efficient. The best performing topology is a Powersplit Hybrid type, with a discrete gearbox connected to the final drive and the output gear of the planetary carrier and electric motor in parallel.Keywords: hybrid electric vehicles; hybrid electric powertrains; topology optimization; linear graph theory; Graph Theoretic Method; design automation Biographical notes: IntroductionConventional transportation vehicles use combustion engines for propulsion because fossil fuels are energy dense and relatively inexpensive. Rising fuel prices, depletion of fossil fuels, and public environmental awareness have made electric vehicles an attractive alternative. Electric vehicles use electricity instead of gas for propulsion. They are more efficient, quieter, and do not create tailpipe emissions. Unfortunately, conventional electric vehicles are heavily reliant on batteries for energy storage. Batteries are expensive, heavy, and require charging equipment. Fuel cells have been proposed as an alternative to batteries, but hydrogen fuelling infrastructure is not widely available, and high pressure hydrogen storage technology is not mature. As an intermittent step from gasoline to electric vehicles, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have emerged in the marketplace.Hybrid Electric powertrains combine elements from traditional gasoline powertrains and electric powertrains. This is advantageous because they operate 10-20% more efficiently, and can refuel at any gasoline station (Chen et al., 2009;del Re et al., 2010;Chan, 2007). Including additional powertrain components create challenges. Complex controllers are required to ensure the system is operating efficiently. Cost and weight also increase with the number of components.The number of potential powertrain configurations increase exponentially as more components are included. Novel powertrain architectures can be identified through human

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Design and analysis of hybrid electric vehicle powertrain configurations considering energy transformation

Jiang

Zheng

2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary In order to enhance the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles, this paper proposes a novel method for the design and analysis of hybrid electric vehicle powertrain configurations. Initially, by analyzing the energy transformation of hybrid electric vehicle, the single‐mode configurations are designed by considering the engine efficiency, the conversion energy loss, and the mechanical transmission efficiency, respectively. Then, two novel multimode configurations with single electric machine are obtained through integrating the single‐mode configurations. In addition, performance comparison and analysis between the two novel configurations and the improved version of Toyota Prius under Highway Fuel Economy Test and Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule cycles are conducted. The results indicate that the two novel configurations possess better fuel economy than the improved version of Toyota Prius.

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Design of Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Architectures Using Auto-Generation of Feasible Driving Modes

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Simultaneous Optimization of Topology and Component Sizes for Double Planetary Gear Hybrid Powertrains

Simultaneous Optimization of Topology and Component Sizes for Double Planetary Gear Hybrid Powertrains

Automated topology optimisation of hybrid electric vehicle powertrains

Design and analysis of hybrid electric vehicle powertrain configurations considering energy transformation

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