“…In the last decades, microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) have been extensively considered by engineering researchers due to their low profile, rugged, lightweight structure, simple fabrication, and their compatibility with microwave integrated circuits, and capability to be easily formed into arrays [1][2][3]. These advantages make the microstrip patch antennas suitable for handheld wireless communication systems, mobile equipment, radio frequency identification (RFID), and aircraft radomes, missiles, satellites and various radars [4][5][6]. Nevertheless, the conventional MPAs have the disadvantages of low gain, low profile radiation characteristics, and their narrow impedance bandwidth that is typically a few percent because they are highly resonant structures [2,7,8].…”