Design of Multi-Beam Rhombus Fractal Array Antenna Using New Geometric Design Methodology

Abstract

Fractal array antenna design methodology is an artistic type of design methodology. Hence fractal array antennas are also called as artistic array antennas. This article proposes a concentric elliptical ring sub array generator geometric design methodology for a methodical expansion of multibeam fractal array antennas. Using this new geometric design methodology, any polygon shape can be constructed. This geometric design methodology provides a systematic approach for multiple beams of fractal array antennas, with unit amplitude constriction, using multi-beam sub arrays and without any increase in hardware complication. In this paper, a four-element rhombus fractal array antenna is examined using a proposed design methodology up to four concurrent iterations and for different eccentric values. Due to the recursive nature of the proposed methodology, the rhombus fractal array antenna shows multi-beam performance with abatement of beam width and better side-lobe levels. In the third and fourth iterations of the rhombus fractal array with expansion factor two, beamwidth reached single digit values of 7.2 • , 3.6 • with side-lobe level angles of 15.5 • and 8.1 • , respectively. The behavior of the proposed array shows better performance than four-element fractal array antenna generated by concentric circular subarray generator. The proposed fractal array antennas are analyzed and simulated by MATLAB programming.

Fractal Array Antennas and Applications

“…1, which is based on the definition of self-similar nature. The equation for the fractal array factor is the product of generating sub-array factor [37][38]:…”

“…The triangular fractal array antenna of expansion factor of 2 and four successive iterations have been designed by concentric elliptical ring sub-array design methodology which is observed in Figure 11, and Figure 10. Concentric elliptical sub-array geometric generators for (a) stage 1 and (b) stage 2 [38].…”

Synthesis of Wideband Thinned Eisenstein Fractile Antenna Arrays With Adaptive Beamforming Capability and Reduced Side-Lobes

“…Linear and planar fractal arrays are commonly developed using concentric circular ring subarray generator [10,11]. Examples of such fractal arrays include linear Cantor, Sierpinski carpet, pentagonal, and square arrays [12,13,14,15]. In [16], a technique for designing frequency-independent fractal arrays, i.e., low side-lobes and multiband, was proposed.…”

Design of Multi-Beam Nonagon Fractal Array for Satellite Applications

“…Dragon, flap, and twig FAs are proposed by Ahmed et al [15], to accomplish the requisites like abated side lobe ratios and wider side lobe angle for satellite communication systems. Concentric Elliptical ring Sub-array geometric Generator (CESG) for the design of deterministic FAs has been proposed for multi-beam radiation and for better array factor properties [16][17][18][19]. This research paper proposed a nonagon (nine antenna elements) FA using CESG design methodology with uniform current excitations.…”