Design of non-uniform circular antenna arrays using biogeography-based optimisation

Design of Non-Uniformly Spaced Circular Arrays of Parasitic Dipoles for Lower Side Lobe Level with Maximum Directivity

“…The proposed technique is different from [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] in the sense that the authors here considered the length of parasitic elements and spacing between the parasitic elements as design variables to obtain the desired requirements keeping the position and length of active element fixed. Moreover, this technique is different from [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] in the sense that authors here considered real antennas including mutual coupling effect. In addition to it, coupling effect is also compensated by minimizing the reflection coefficient of the driven element to the specified value.…”

“…5: Update gbest of particles and its coordinates, if the present fitness value of the particle in the overall population is superior to global best (gbest). 6: The parameter VLf is the local attractor of each d th dimension and i th particle and it is computed by equation (6).…”

“…In recent years circular arrays have become more in demand over other array geometries because of circular arrays have the potential to perform the scan in all the directions without a significant change in the beam pattern and provides azimuth coverage of 360 0 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Many researchers presented approaches for reduction of side lobe level with fixed beam width in circular antenna arrays by changing the excitation amplitudes and spacing between the elements [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Synthesis of circular antenna arrays with low side lobe level under both no beam scanning and beam scanning conditions using amplitude only and amplitude spacing are detailed in [11].…”

Design of Linear and Circular Antenna Arrays Using Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm

“…There are a number of different nature inspired methods that have been used for antenna array synthesis. Among them are genetic algorithms (GA) [1,2], differential evolution (DE) [2][3][4], ant colony optimization (ACO) [5,6], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], modified invasive weed optimization (MIWO) [17], firefly algorithm (FA) [18][19][20], biogeography based optimization (BBO) [21][22][23][24] and cuckoo search (CS) [25]. These methods perform better and provide more flexible results than the classical methods for antenna array synthesis.…”

“…Hence the synthesis of the circular arrays is under active research by many groups. The GA [2], PSO [12], HDLPSO [13], and MIWO [17], FA [20] and BBO [22] techniques have been used for finding the element amplitudes and positions that provide a radiation pattern with maximal SLL reduction with a constraint of beam width.…”