Design of photobioreactors for algal cultivation

Yen, Hong‐Wei; Hu, I-Chen; Chen, Chun‐Yen; Nagarajan, Dillirani; Chang, Jo‐Shu

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64192-2.00010-x

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The algae are cultivated in open pond systems (shallow ponds), and nutrients are added through runoff water from nearby land areas or by channeling the water from sewage/water treatment plants (Carlsson et al, 2007). Mixing is provided by paddle wheels in raceway ponds or rotating arms in circular ponds and mixing can even be provided at certain places in a large pond by the use of impeller blades (Yen et al, 2019). For example, Spirulina can grow at a very high pH (9-12) and therefore is dominant in soda lakes (Bindra et al, 2017).…”

Section: Open Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Wastewater Resources Into Biofuel and Value-Added Products Using Microalgal System

et al. 2021

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Wastewater is not a liability, instead considered as a resource for microbial fermentation and value-added products. Most of the wastewater contains various nutrients like nitrates and phosphates apart from the organic constituents that favor microbial growth. Microalgae are unicellular aquatic organisms and are widely used for wastewater treatment. Various cultivation methods such as open, closed, and integrated have been reported for microalgal cultivation to treat wastewater and resource recovery simultaneously. Microalgal growth is affected by various factors such as sunlight, temperature, pH, and nutrients that affect the growth rate of microalgae. Microalgae can consume urea, phosphates, and metals such as magnesium, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. for their growth and reduces the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The microalgal biomass produced during the wastewater treatment can be further used to produce carbon-neutral products such as biofuel, feed, bio-fertilizer, bioplastic, and exopolysaccharides. Integration of wastewater treatment with microalgal bio-refinery not only solves the wastewater treatment problem but also generates revenue and supports a sustainable and circular bio-economy. The present review will highlight the current and advanced methods used to integrate microalgae for the complete reclamation of nutrients from industrial wastewater sources and their utilization for value-added compound production. Furthermore, pertaining challenges are briefly discussed along with the techno-economic analysis of current pilot-scale projects worldwide.

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Section: Open Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Wastewater Resources Into Biofuel and Value-Added Products Using Microalgal System

et al. 2021

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“…Previous studies reflected the uncertainty of PBRs to be as cost competitive as ORPs in the future [34]. However, more recent studies suggest the way forward to be associated with the design and construction of PBRs from low-cost materials among several options [49]. In biofilm PBRs the microalgae are immobilized and attached to a support surface on which they grow, which simplifies the separation and recovery of the attached biomass from the culture medium [50].…”

Section: Microalgae Productivity: Opportunities and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity

Musa

Ayoko

Ward

et al. 2019

Cells

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Microalgae are swift replicating photosynthetic microorganisms with several applications for food, chemicals, medicine and fuel. Microalgae have been identified to be suitable for biofuels production, due to their high lipid contents. Microalgae-based biofuels have the potential to meet the increasing energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the present state of technology does not economically support sustainable large-scale production. The biofuel production process comprises the upstream and downstream processing phases, with several uncertainties involved. This review examines the various production and processing stages, and considers the use of chemometric methods in identifying and understanding relationships from measured study parameters via statistical methods, across microalgae production stages. This approach enables collection of relevant information for system performance assessment. The principal benefit of such analysis is the identification of the key contributing factors, useful for decision makers to improve system design, operation and process economics. Chemometrics proffers options for time saving in data analysis, as well as efficient process optimization, which could be relevant for the continuous growth of the microalgae industry.

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“…Un fotobiorreactor es un reactor en el que células de plantas o algas fotótrofas se cultivan o se utilizan para llevar a cabo una reacción fotobiológica. Los sistemas de cultivo abierto son normalmente menos caros de construir y operar, más duraderos que los grandes reactores cerrados y con gran capacidad de producción en comparación con los sistemas cerrados (Yen et al, 2014). En la tabla 2 se muestran las ventajas y desventajas de los fotobiorreactores y las lagunas abiertas.…”

Section: Hidrobiológicaunclassified

Biodiesel production from microalgae: progress and biotechnological prospects

et al. 2017

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RESUMENAntecedentes. Las microalgas son una alternativa para la obtención de biodiésel por su alto rendimiento de lípidos y su perfil de ácidos grasos. Objetivos. Hacer una revisión sobre los avances y perspectivas actuales de la producción de biodiésel a partir de microalgas. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda actualizada de los trabajos de investigación relacionados con la producción de biodiésel a partir de microalgas, con especial énfasis en la biosíntesis de ácidos grasos y triglicéridos, la producción de biomasa, las técnicas de extracción, los procesos biotecnológicos implementados en sistemas de cultivo, la transesterificación y los sistemas de doble propósito. Resultados. Las microalgas tienen rendimientos altos de producción de lípidos (59 m 3 ha -1 año -1 ), por lo que representa una alternativa para la obtención de biodiésel; sin embargo, el costo de producción y recuperación de biomasa sigue siendo elevado ($5.8 USD Kg -1 ), aunado a los altos requerimientos energéticos (33 MJ Kg -1 ). Actualmente no existen técnicas industriales factibles para la extracción de lípidos y se están probando los métodos por fluidos supercríticos, campo eléctrico de pulso, microondas y ultrasonicación. La biotecnología ha propuesto un novedoso sistema biológico mediante el uso de lipasas recuperadas de hongos filamentosos para el proceso de transesterificación, los cuales ya son comerciales, y ha logrado rendimientos de biocatálisis mayores al 90%. Los "sistema de doble propósito" pueden ser optimizados utilizando un diseño modular que establezca los procesos y operaciones unitarias bien definidas. Conclusiones. El uso de microalgas para la obtención de biodiésel representa una técnica viable gracias a su alto contenido lipídico y a su perfil de ácidos grasos, aunque hace falta el desarrollo de tecnologías que disminuyan el costo de producción. El uso de sistemas de doble propósito se vislumbra como una buena opción para reducir estos precios, al mismo tiempo que se reusan aguas residuales. ABSTRACTBackground. Microalgae have proven to be an excellent alternative to produce biodiesel due of its high lipid yield and its fatty acid profile. Goals. A review was made on the current advances and perspectives on the production of biodiesel from microalgae. Methods. An updated search was done of the research work related to biodiesel production from microalgae, emphasizing fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis, biomass production, extraction techniques, biotechnological processes implemented in culture systems, transesterification and dual purpose systems. Results. Microalgae have shown high yields of lipid production (59 m 3 ha -1 year -1 ) representing an alternative to produce biodiesel. However, costs of biomass production and recovery remain high (US $ 5.8 kg -1 ), coupled with high-energy requirements (33 MJ kg-kg -1 ). Supercritical fluids, electric pulse field, microwave and ultra sonication have being tested for lipid extraction, but currently there are no feasible industrial techniques in this field. Biotechnology ha...

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Design of photobioreactors for algal cultivation

Cited by 48 publications

References 56 publications

Valorization of Wastewater Resources Into Biofuel and Value-Added Products Using Microalgal System

Valorization of Wastewater Resources Into Biofuel and Value-Added Products Using Microalgal System

Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity

Biodiesel production from microalgae: progress and biotechnological prospects

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