“…However, since robotic excavators typically use hydraulic systems as their power source, achieving high-performance trajectory tracking remains challenging due to the nonlinear and multi-constrained features [5]. Many control methods, such as the improved PID control [6][7][8], self-tuning pressure-feedback control [9], adaptive robust control [10], intelligent control [11,12], and so on, have been proposed to deal with the nonlinearity, time-variance, and parameter uncertainty of hydraulic robotic excavators. However, they find it difficult to meet the multi-constraint features of electro-hydraulic systems [13].…”