Design of resistive-input class E resonant rectifiers for variable-power operation

Santiago-González, Juan A.; Afridi, Khurram K.; Perreault, David J.

doi:10.1109/compel.2013.6626454

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…We therefore follow the methodology in [20] to design a class-E rectifier with near-resistive input impedance over a wide range of power levels at 2.45 GHz. The rectifier topology, including trim components used in the prototype system to counteract the parasitic effects of layout, device packaging, and passive components, is shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Class-e Resonant Rectifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In keeping with the high-power wireless power transfer applications of interest here, we select the Avago HBAT540B diode for its high power-handling capability (among devices capable of operating at GHz frequencies). The inductor L r = 2.2 nH is chosen to resonate with the diode's parasitic shunt capacitance, C D , following the methodology in [20] and accounting for package parasitics. A 9-V zener diode acts as the rectifier load.…”

Section: B Class-e Resonant Rectifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to maximize the rectenna (rectifier + antenna) efficiency, it is desirable to provide a conjugate match between the antenna impedance and that at the input to the rectifier. However, for different incident power levels, the input impedance to an rf rectifier typically varies [1], [2], [11], [17]- [20]. The nonlinear rectifier impedance is commonly characterized at a specified incident power level and the antenna characteristic impedance and/or matching network is designed to optimize power transfer at this operating point [11]- [13], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Barton

Gordonson

Perreault

2015

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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Abstract-Microwave-to-dc rectification is valuable in many applications including rf energy recovery, dc-dc conversion, and wireless power transfer. In such applications, it is desired for the microwave rectifier system to provide a constant rf input impedance. Consequently, variation in rectifier input impedance over varying incident power levels can hurt system performance. To address this challenge, we introduce multi-way transmissionline resistance compression networks (TLRCNs) for maintaining near-constant input impedance in rf-to-dc rectifier systems. A development of TLRCNs is presented, along with their application to rf-to-dc conversion and wireless power transfer. We derive analytical expressions for the behavior of TLRCNs, and describe two design methodologies applicable to both single and multi-stage implementations. A 2.45-GHz 4-way TLRCN network is implemented and applied to create a 4-Watt resistancecompressed rectifier system that has narrow-range resistive input characteristics over a 10-dB power range. It is demonstrated to improve the impedance match to mostly-resistive but variable input impedance class-E rectifiers over a 10-dB power range. The resulting TLRCN plus rectifier system has >50% rf-to-dc conversion efficiency over a >10-dB input power range at 2.45 GHz (peak efficiency 70%), and SWR <1.1 over a 7.7-dB range, despite a non-negligible reactive component in the rectifier loads.

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Section: B Class-e Resonant Rectifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Class-e Resonant Rectifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Barton

Gordonson

Perreault

2015

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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“…Class-E rectifiers can be designed to have near-resistive input impedance over a wide range of power levels, and are therefore useful for this application [8]. The 2.45 GHz rectifier design, including trim components used in the proto type system to counteract the parasitic effects of layout and passive components, is shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Class-e Resonant Rectifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6, with component values given in Ta ble I. The inductor Lr = 2.3 nH is chosen to resonate with the Avago HBAT540B diode's parasitic shunt capacitance, CD, following the methodology in [8].…”

Section: B Class-e Resonant Rectifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission line resistance compression networks for microwave rectifiers

Barton

Gordonson

Perreault

2014

2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2014)

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This work presents a development of multi-way transmission-line resistance compression networks (TLRCNs) and their application to rf-to-dc conversion. We derive analytical expressions for the behavior of TLRCNs, and describe two design methodologies applicable to both single-and multi-stage imple mentations. A 2.45-GHz 4-way TLRCN network is implemented and applied to create a resistance-compressed rectifier system that has narrow-range resistive input characteristics over a 10-dB power range. It is demonstrated to improve the impedance match to mostly-resistive but variable input impedance class-E rectifiers over a 10-dB power range. The resulting TLRCN plus rectifier system has >50% rf-to-dc conversion efficiency over a > 10-dB input power range at 2.45 GHz (peak efficiency 70%), and SWR <1.1 over a 7.7-dB range.Index Terms-transmission lines, impedance matching, match ing networks, resonant rectifiers, rectennas, wireless power trans fer I. INTRODUC TIONIn numerous applications it is desirable to implement mi crowave rectification to capture rf energy and convert it to dc power. Such applications include energy recovery from terminations such as isolation ports [1], dc-dc conversion [2], and wireless power transfer [3]. In many such applications, it is desirable for the rf impedance at the rectifier input to appear constant and resistive across power level (e.g., such that impedance matching or isolation can be maintained, reflected power can be minimized, etc.). In this paper, we focus on a means for maintaining near-constant input impedance in microwave-to-dc rectifier systems. This can be a challenge because at different incident power levels, the input impedance to an rf rectifier typically varies [1], [2], [4].We explore the use of resistance compression networks (RCNs) to interface between an rf input and a plurality of rectifiers, minimizing the effective input impedance variation and acting as an impedance transformation stage. RCNs pro vide reduced impedance variation at the rf input (as com pared to the rectifier inputs), and in discrete implementations have been applied to dc-dc resonant converters [4] and in isolation-port energy recovery in outphasing systems [1]. At microwave frequencies, however, such discrete RCN networks have limitations relating to the component non-idealities and interconnect parasitics. Recently, initial work has explored the use of transmission-line resistance compression networks (TLRCNs) which are based on transmission-line sections and are suitable for microwave frequencies. A two-way TLRCN based on a pair of transmission-line sections (asymmetric about a 90-degree base length) was proposed in [5], [6] for energy recovery in outphasing power amplifiers. transformation : resistance compression : rectifier I I I z· 1 I loads I In, I I � ebase + ll.e 1 1 RL Zin,2 : I L I ebaBe + ll.e2 Zin,3 : L ZT,Aj4 I Z2 Fig. 1. Four-wa y TLRCN with quarter-wave impedance transformation stage. Each pair of transmission line lengths can be expressed in terms of a base line length plus ...

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Generalized Analysis and Performance Investigation of the Class-E/F_n Rectifiers

Asiya

Wei

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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This paper gives analytical waveform equations of the class-E/F n rectifier. By using the analytical waveforms, we investigate performances of the class-E/F 2 and E/F 3 rectifiers at any quality factor of the harmonic-resonant and output filters. From the investigations, the rectifier performances, such as the power output capability and the AC-DC current transfer function, are clarified. Besides, the design parameters of the class-E/F n rectifier with no input reactance, which is called the class-Φ n rectifier, are obtained. Four types of rectifiers, namely, class-E/F 2 , E/F 3 , Φ 2 , and Φ 3 rectifiers, were designed and implemented as a part of the resonant DC-DC converters. The experimental and PSpice-simulation results verified the analytical waveform equations and the performance investigation.

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Design of resistive-input class E resonant rectifiers for variable-power operation

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Transmission line resistance compression networks for microwave rectifiers

Generalized Analysis and Performance Investigation of the Class-E/F_n Rectifiers

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Design of resistive-input class E resonant rectifiers for variable-power operation

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Transmission line resistance compression networks for microwave rectifiers

Generalized Analysis and Performance Investigation of the Class-E/Fn Rectifiers

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Generalized Analysis and Performance Investigation of the Class-E/F_n Rectifiers