Design of Self-Healing Supramolecular Rubbers by Introducing Ionic Cross-Links into Natural Rubber via a Controlled Vulcanization

Xu, Chuanhui; Cao, Liming; Lin, Baofeng; Liang, Xingquan; Chen, Yukun

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b05941

Cited by 223 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Recently, supramolecular elastomers comprising low glass transition temperature (T g ) polymer chains and weak dynamic bonds, such as hydrogen bonds 7 , metal-ligand coordination [8][9][10] , and ionic bonds [11][12][13][14][15] , have been designed for autonomic self-healing at room temperature. In contrast to most self-healing materials, these supramolecular elastomers do not require the input of any external energy (such as heat or light) [16][17][18][19][20] , healing agents (such as monomers and catalysts) 21,22 , plasticizers 23 , or solvents [24][25][26][27] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic ionic crosslinks enable high strength and ultrastretchability in a single elastomer

et al. 2018

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Maintenance-free self-healing elastomers that switch their mechanical properties on demand would be extremely useful materials for improving the functionalities, safety, energy efficiency, and lifetimes of many kinds of products and devices. However, strength and stretchability are conflicting properties for elastomers because the inherent crosslinking density of a polymeric network is unchangeable. For example, heavily crosslinked elastomers are strong, but poorly stretchable. Here we report an ionically crosslinked polyisoprene elastomer in which the ionic moieties are continually hopping between ionic aggregates at room temperature. Thus, the network is dynamic. This elastomer spontaneously self-heals without the input of external energy or healing agents. Furthermore, it behaves like a strong elastic material under rapid deformation, but acts like a highly stretchable and viscoelastic material under slow deformation. Our ionic elastomer shows a variety of notable mechanical properties, including high fracture strength (≈7 MPa), good toughness (≈70 MJ m −3 ), and ultrastretchability (>13,400%).

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confidence: 99%

Dynamic ionic crosslinks enable high strength and ultrastretchability in a single elastomer

et al. 2018

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“…Attractive electrostatic interactions of ion pairs within polymers are known to become less effective at elevated temperatures 37 . The tan δ peaks due to T g(c) , T g(s) and T g(i) discussed above are highlighted in Fig.…”

Section: Nanostructured Ionomer Film Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the modulus of nanostructured ionomer films of core–shell nanoparticles based on poly(n-butyl acrylate)

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT:In this study we investigate the structure-mechanical property relationships for nanostructured ionomer films containing ionically crosslinked core-shell polymer nanoparticles based on poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA). Whilst nanostructured ionomer films of core-shell nanoparticles have been previously shown to have good ductility [Soft Matter, 10, 4725, 2014], the modulus values were modest. Here, we used BA as the primary monomer to construct core-shell nanoparticles that provided films containing nanostructured polymers with much higher glass transition temperature (T g ) values. The core-shell nanoparticles were synthesised using BA, acrylonitrile (AN), methacrylic acid (MAA) and 1, 4-butanediol diacrylate (BDDA). Nanostructured ionomer films were prepared by casting aqueous coreshell nanoparticle dispersions in which the shell -COOH groups were neutralised with KOH and ZnO. The film mechanical properties were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile stress-strain measurements. The use of BA-based nanoparticles increased the T g values to close to room temperature which caused a strong dependence of the film mechanical properties on the AN content and extent of neutralisation of the -COOH groups.The Young's modulus values for the films ranged from 1.0 to 86.0 MPa. The latter is the highest modulus reported for cast films of nanostructured ionomer films prepared from coreshell nanoparticles. The films had good ductility with strain-at-break values of at least 200%.The mechanical properties of the films were successfully modelled using the isostrain model.From comparison with an earlier butadiene-based system this study demonstrates that the 2 nature of the primary monomer used to construct the nanoparticles can profoundly change the film mechanical properties. The aqueous nanoparticle dispersion approach used here provides a simple and versatile method to prepare high modulus elastomer films with tuneable mechanical properties.

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“…Self‐healing polymeric materials are expected to fill this technological gap. The successful development of self‐healing polymeric materials offers great opportunities for broadening the applications of these lightweight materials for the manufacture of structural and critical components …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat generated during projectile damage served as the trigger for the self‐healing process. Other authors attempted to turn NR to healable NR by introducing ionic cross‐links, epoxy groups or di‐/polysulfide bridges into NR. Recently, we have described the self‐healing behavior of bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) modified with imidazole .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggering the Self‐Healing Properties of Modified Bromobutyl Rubber by Intrinsically Electrical Heating

Böhme

Sallat

et al. 2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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In this study, the development and characterization of an intrinsically self‐healable material have been reported based on bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) modified with imidazole (Im) and loaded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcing and electrically conducting agent. The ionic imidazolium groups facilitate an ionic network, which imparts the composites a pronounced self‐healing behavior. The cation‐π bondings between modified BIIR and CNT surface improve the rubber‐filler interaction leading to a better mechanical performance and a higher electrical conductivity of the composites. It has been demonstrated that the healing process can be accelerated by applying an electrical current across a damaged surface of a test specimen owing to the Joule heating effect. The recovery of the mechanical and electrical properties of the composites is investigated under different test conditions and specifically discussed in terms of the rubber‐filler interactions and the filler dispersion. The applied scientific approach with the exploration of the unique nature of the imidazolium modified and CNT loaded BIIR may promote developments for a new class of rubber materials for different smart and technological applications.

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Design of Self-Healing Supramolecular Rubbers by Introducing Ionic Cross-Links into Natural Rubber via a Controlled Vulcanization

Cited by 223 publications

References 48 publications

Dynamic ionic crosslinks enable high strength and ultrastretchability in a single elastomer

Dynamic ionic crosslinks enable high strength and ultrastretchability in a single elastomer

Tuning the modulus of nanostructured ionomer films of core–shell nanoparticles based on poly(n-butyl acrylate)

Triggering the Self‐Healing Properties of Modified Bromobutyl Rubber by Intrinsically Electrical Heating

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