Design of subwavelength-size, indium tin oxide (ITO)-clad optical disk cavities with quality-factors exceeding 10^4

Senlik, Ozlem; Cheong, Hwi Yoon; Yoshie, Tomoyuki

doi:10.1364/oe.19.023469

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Indium-tin-oxide (ITO), one kind of heavily-doped transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), has been widely employed as transparent conducting electrode and direct-Ohmic contact layers in optoelectronic devices, due to its high transmittance and low resistivity in the visible [1][2][3][4][5]. More recently, ITO nanomaterials, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband terahertz conductivity and optical transmission of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanomaterials

Yang¹,

Chang²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanorods (NRs) and nanowhiskers (NWhs) were fabricated by an electron-beam glancing-angle deposition (GLAD) system. These nanomaterials are of interests as transparent conducting electrodes in various devices. Two terahertz (THz) time-domain spectrometers (TDS) with combined spectral coverage from 0.15 to 9.00 THz were used. These allow accurate determination of the optical and electrical properties of such ITO nanomaterials in the frequency range from 0.20 to 4.00 THz. Together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) measurements, we found that the THz and far-infrared transmittance of these nanomaterials can be as high as 70% up to 15 THz, as opposed to about 9% for sputtered ITO thin films. The complex conductivities of ITO NRs, NWhs as well films are well fitted by the Drude-Smith model. Taking into account that the volume filling factors of both type of nanomaterials are nearly same, mobilities, and DC conductivities of ITO NWhs are higher than those of NRs due to less severe carrier localization effects in the former. On the other hand, mobilities of sputtered ITO thin films are poorer than ITO nanomaterials because of larger concentration of dopant ions in films, which causes stronger carrier scattering. We note further that consideration of the extreme values of Re{σ} and Im{σ} as well the inflection points, which are functions of the carrier scattering time (τ) and the expectation value of cosine of the scattering angle (γ), provide additional criteria for accessing the accuracy of the extraction of electrical parameters of non-Drude-like materials using THz-TDS. Our studies so far indicate ITO NWhs with heights of ~1000 nm show outstanding transmittance and good electrical characteristics for applications such as transparent conducting electrodes of THz Devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband terahertz conductivity and optical transmission of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanomaterials

Yang¹,

Chang²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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“…Indium tin oxide (ITO) is one of the most frequently investigated TCOs. It has been extensively studied as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices, e.g., biosensor [5], optical disk cavities in sub-wavelength size [6], solar cells [7], liquid crystal displays [8,9], and light emitting diodes (LED) [10]. On the other hand, the performance of material depends on the different nanostructure, such as nanosheets, nanobelts and nanocolumns [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz conductivities of indium-tin-oxide nanowhiskers as a graded-refractive-index structure

Yang¹,

Chang²,

Lin³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanowhiskers with attractive electrical and anti-reflection properties were prepared by the glancing-angle electron-beam evaporation technique. Structural and crystalline properties of such nanostructures were examined by scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Their frequency-dependent complex conductivities, refractive indices and absorption coefficients have been characterized with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), in which the nanowhiskers were considered as a graded-refractive-index (GRIN) structure instead of the usual thin film model. The electrical properties of ITO GRIN structures are analyzed and fitted well with Drude-Smith model in the 0.2~2.0 THz band. Our results indicate that the ITO nanowhiskers and its bottom layer atop the substrate exhibit longer carrier scattering times than ITO thin films. This signifies that ITO nanowhiskers have an excellent crystallinity with large grain size, consistent with X-ray data. Besides, we show a strong backscattering effect and fully carrier localization in the ITO nanowhiskers.

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“…Plasmonic microcavities suffer from low Q factors mainly due to both high metal absorption loss and radiation loss. Plasmonic microcavities with rotational symmetry structures [7][8][9][10][11][12] could overcome these high losses to some extent. For example, a silver-coated dielectric microdisk [7] has been successfully demonstrated to possess high Q factors (>1000) and the SPP mode can be excited by a tapered fiber waveguide, which is a breakthrough for plasmonic microcavities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hybrid plasmonic microresonator with high quality factor and small mode volume

Lu¹,

Chen²,

Wu³

et al. 2012

J. Opt.

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We propose a novel hybrid plasmonic microcavity which is composed of a silver nanoring and a silica toroidal microcavity. The hybrid mode of the proposed hybrid plasmonic microcavity due to the coupling between the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the dielectric mode is demonstrated with a high quality factor (>1000) and an ultrasmall mode volume (∼0.8 µm 3 ). This microcavity shows great potential in fundamental studies of nonlinear optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) and applications in low-threshold plasmonic microlasers.

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Design of subwavelength-size, indium tin oxide (ITO)-clad optical disk cavities with quality-factors exceeding 10^4

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Broadband terahertz conductivity and optical transmission of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanomaterials

Broadband terahertz conductivity and optical transmission of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanomaterials

THz conductivities of indium-tin-oxide nanowhiskers as a graded-refractive-index structure

A hybrid plasmonic microresonator with high quality factor and small mode volume

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