Design of time modulated concentric circular and concentric hexagonal antenna array using hybrid enhanced particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution algorithm

Abstract

Design of circular arrays (CAs) and hexagonal arrays (HAs) with low sidelobe level (SLL) and high directivity is usually achieved by increasing the number of array elements, which leads to a high undesired mutual coupling. Therefore this study presents an efficient optimisation method and a framework to show how to design multi-ring concentric CAs (CCA) and concentric HAs (CHAs) configurations using a hybrid enhanced particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution (hybrid EPSO/DE) optimisation technique. The presented optimum CCA and CHA have perfect invariant SLL and high directivity with low mutual coupling by keeping the inter-element spacing not less than half a wavelength which is not possible to be achieved in CA and HA arrangements. Different configurations with two-rings, three-rings and four-rings are presented. The rotation angle of outer rings and the complex excitations of array elements are first optimised. Then, this design is further optimised using a time modulation technique by controlling the switch-on times and the phases of elements excitations of the best CCA and CHA array designs. The presented time modulated (TM) concentric CA and TM concentric HA designs attain ultra-low SLL, reduced sideband level and maximised directivity besides reducing the dynamic range of the array excitations.

Performance Analysis of Linearly arranged Concentric Circular Antenna Array with Low Sidelobe Level and Beamwidth Using Robust Tapering Technique.

“…Though, linear array exhibits a low sidelobe level (SLL) radiation pattern, analyzing high gain main lobe and narrow beamwidth in any given direction [4]. Circular antenna array considers the perfect configurations as its main lobe can steer all azimuth directions without changing its bandwidth [5] where inter-element space causes mutual coupling effect unexpectedly.…”

“…To minimize this problem, a unique structure named concentric multi-ring array with sufficient interelement spacing is introduced. Concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) has the capability of all-azimuth scanning and the beam pattern remains circularly symmetric in this structure which is invariant for 360°azimuthal coverage circularly symmetric in this structure which is invariant for 360°azimuthal coverage [4]. Moreover, a concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) performs better in SLL reduction than a circular antenna array (CAA) concerning the same number of elements [6].…”

Control Parameter Based Comparative Study of Radiation Properties of TMCCAA and TMHSCAA

“…To overcome this problem, the evolutionary algorithm is applied to work out the composite non-linear and non-differentiable problems [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. There are many evolutionary algorithms which are used for different fields of engineering [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and the optimisation of antenna problem [36][37][38][39][40]. Development of element level antenna like the dielectric resonator antenna also has been reported in [41].…”

Multiobjective Optimization Design of Time-Modulated Concentric Circular Ring Arrays

“…In [8], a novel hybrid algorithm based on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and DE algorithm called ABC-DE was used to overcome the drawback of the TMA. Furthermore, a hybrid enhanced PSO and DE (hybrid DPSO/DE) was used to optimize the concentric hexagonal antenna array and concentric circular ring array [9]. Also flower pollination algorithm or enhanced flower pollination algorithm is used in the synthesis of circular array antenna [10] and the linear antenna arrays [11].…”