Design of ultra compact all-optical XOR, XNOR, NAND and OR gates using photonic crystal multi-mode interference waveguides

An optical demultiplexer based on photonic crystal ring resonators

“…The behavior of light in PhCs is very similar to that of electrons in semiconductors, so like semiconductors these artificial structures have a forbidden frequency (or wavelength) area for the propagation of light waves which is called Photonic Band Gap (PBG) [1,2]. This property solved the challenge of confining light waves inside PhC structures, therefore designing optical devices such as optical filters [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], optical demultiplexers [10,11] and optical switches and logic gates [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] with ultra-compact dimensions suitable for all optical integrated circuits became possible.…”

Implementation of some high speed combinational and sequential logic gates using micro-ring resonator

“…However, several techniques has been employed to implement the optical logic gates. Design of XOR, XNOR, NAND and OR gate based on photonic crystal fiber has been described in detail in [1]. The logic gate principle uses the concept of multi-mode interference waveguide.…”

Simulation and Demonstration of Directed XOR/XNOR Logic Gates Using Two Cascaded Microring Resonators

“…In recent years, various optical directed logic circuits have been proposed and demonstrated, such as OR/NOR gate [19], AND/NAND gate [20], [21], etc. XOR/XNOR logic operations are indispensable in encoding and decoding schemes, parity checking, and data encryption/decryption, which has been attracted widespread attention in past years [22]- [25].…”