Design of zero liquid discharge desalination (ZLDD) systems consisting of freeze desalination, membrane distillation, and crystallization powered by green energies

Lu, Kang-Jia; Cheng, Zhen Lei; Chang, Jian; Luo, Lin; Chung, Tai‐Shung

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2019.02.001

Cited by 120 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It provides high water recovery, zero waste generation and valuable salt production. Lu et al, 12 have developed a mathematical model of a novel ZLDD system that consists of freeze desalination (FD) and membrane distillationcrystallization (MD-C) also developed based on the theories of heat and mass transfer as well as experimental results. To improve the energy efficiency of the system, effects of important parameters, such as the feed temperature, concentration, and distillate temperature of MD and the recovery ratio of FD on system operating curves and energy consumptions have been systematically investigated with the aid of mathematical modelling.…”

Section: Zero Liquid Discharge Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

MOJES

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Industrialization is necessary for country's economic growth. Increase in industrial development has elevated water consumption and is resulting in depletion of water resources. On the other hand, water pollution is a major issue. People have long been trying to find cost effective and reliable ways to treat wastewater and recycle or reusing the treated water has become a necessity. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is an ideal situation of complete closed loop cycle, where discharge of any liquid effluent is eliminated; it is a remarkable effort of every industry who implements it to meet with the environmental regulation in a challenging way. However, it is facing some challenges for its implementation including its high costs and energy efficiency. Here in this review, we have presented various ZLD technologies which are feasible for different industrial sectors and some innovative technologies by which the precious water can be saved and recycled at source.

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Section: Zero Liquid Discharge Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

MOJES

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“…This phenomenon has been identified by many other studies [14,30,31], which is mainly due to temperature polarization being unable to be further reduced for a fully-developed flow condition. Furthermore, the concentration polarization is higher with the increasing flux [32], which will adversely affect the vapour pressure. Fig.…”

Section: Model Validation With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 that the STEC increases approximately by 21.2% when the coolant velocity increases from 0.0068 m/s to 0.068 m/s, and further increase in coolant velocity will result in a minimum increase in STEC. Lu et al [32] studied the effect of distillate velocity on specific energy consumption using DCMD module, which included both thermal energy consumption and pumping energy consumption. Similar to our results, they identified that the specific energy consumption for heating increased with increasing distillate flow rate.…”

Section: Effect Of Coolant Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling mass and heat transfers of Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation using hollow fibre membrane

Zhang

Gray

2019

Desalination

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In this study, a set of mathematical models was used to simulate the heat and mass transfers of hollow fibre PGMD module for desalination applications. The developed model was firstly validated, and then utilized to study the impacts of different design parameters and operating conditions on the performance of hollow fibre PGMD. The simulation results show that coolant velocity and coolant temperature have less impacts on flux compared to those in DCMD, because in DCMD, coolant directly contacts the membrane but for PGMD it does not. The model also demonstrates that the higher cooling plate thermal conductivity will lead to higher flux and energy efficiency. However, when the cooling plate thermal conductivity is higher than 5 W/m.K, the temperature difference across the cooling plate is minimum and further increase of the cooling plate thermal conductivity has negligible impacts on flux and energy efficiency. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to analyze the combined effects of gap channel inner/outer diameters and gap channel thermal conductivity on flux. It is concluded that the changes in gap channel of hollow fibre PGMD will lead to a more complex combination, and the gap channel thermal conductivity has a more significant effect on flux compared to the hydrodynamics within the permeate and coolant channels.The effect of multi-stage processes on energy efficiency is also evaluated. The results suggest that Gain Output Ratio (GOR) increases with number of stages, and reaches 2.4 with 20 stages. Finally, the roles of different parameters in PGMD optimization are discussed. The results suggest that cooling plate thermal conductivity plays the most important role in PGMD optimization compared to coolant velocity and coolant inlet temperature.

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“…Modeling refrigerator systems have presented modeling of individual components that include the compressor [11]- [13] and refrigerator evaporator [14]. Another type of modeling multivariable systems such as refrigeration is a measurements-based mathematical model that relies totally on experimental data [15]- [17]. For energy saving considerations, modeling the consumption patterns of household appliances is a great challenge [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Environment for a Refrigerator With Variable Speed Compressor; Power Consumption Profile and Performance Comparison

Sabry

Ker

2020

IEEE Access

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DC power distribution in residential sector has regained interest among researchers and industrial players as new electronics-based appliances became locally available. However, the compatibility of appliances with DC distribution systems still requires much research effort. This work mainly explores on the power consumption profile of an inverter-driven Variable Speed Controller (VSC-based) refrigerator that has not yet been analyzed as one of the most important household loads. This paper compares the power consumption in two scenarios; 1) using three supply configurations for a VSC-based refrigerator, a Battery-Inverter-Load, a Battery-Load and Grid-Load, and 2) using a same AC power source to supply a VSC-based refrigerator and a same-size conventional refrigerator. This analysis helps toward modeling and energy estimation of PV system applications involving storage batteries. A wireless monitoring circuit has been employed to handle temperature, current and voltage measurements with a high sampling rate to cover the potential surge power. The experimental measurements show a better performance on using DC over AC power source and the power rate consumed has a smooth pattern at the starting-on time until approach a rated power. The measured efficiency of the Battery-Load topology approaches 99% compared to that of the Battery-inverter-load topology, which is approximately 78.5%. It is also found that the tested refrigerator with Battery-Load topology consumes an energy amounting to 1.850 kWh daily, while with Battery-inverterload topology consumes 2.466 kWh daily under the same operating conditions. These results can serve as a model for modeling refrigerators and other appliances that adopt speed controller technology to drive their motors.INDEX TERMS Compression refrigeration system, dc microgrid, total power consumption, building energy modeling, PV-battery systems.

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Design of zero liquid discharge desalination (ZLDD) systems consisting of freeze desalination, membrane distillation, and crystallization powered by green energies

Cited by 120 publications

References 44 publications

Untitled

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Modelling mass and heat transfers of Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation using hollow fibre membrane

DC Environment for a Refrigerator With Variable Speed Compressor; Power Consumption Profile and Performance Comparison

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