Design Procedure to Convert a Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm into a Loop Control System

Abstract

This paper presents a novel complete design procedure to convert a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm into a control system. The MPPT algorithm can be tuned by employing any control system design. In this paper, we adopted Bode diagrams using the criteria of module and phase as the power electronics specialists are habituated with such concepts. The MPPT control transfer functions were derived using the average state equations and small-signal analysis. The control loops were derived for power and voltage control loops. The design procedure was applied to the well-known perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (IC) algorithms, returning the P&O based on PI and IC based on PI algorithms. Such algorithms were evaluated through simulation and experimental results. Additionally, we showed that the proposed design methodology can optimize energy harvesting, allowing algorithms to have outstanding tracking factors (above 99%) and adaptability characteristics.

Current Sensorless Based on PI MPPT Algorithms

“…The first and second profiles consider four steps of power with varying irradiance and temperature, as shown in Table 4 . These profiles are similar to [ 26 ]. For Profile I, the Sensorless D reached 94.10%, and Sensorless V reached 98.85%; when considering Profile II, the Sensorless D reached 95.28%, and Sensorless V reached 99.05%.…”

“…Figure 14 and Figure 15 show power extraction. Compared with [ 26 ], the proposed Sensorless V based on PI achieved analogous performance to the P&O based on PI, which achieved 99.17% and 99.32% for profiles similar to I and II, respectively.…”

“…Figures 14 and 15 show power extraction. Compared with [26], the proposed Sensorless V based on PI achieved analogous performance to the P&O based on PI, which achieved 99.17% and 99.32% for profiles similar to I and II, respectively. The initialization performance was tested considering a sudden power change from 10 W to 200 W. The Sensorless D achieved a steady state at 280 ms, while the Sensorless V achieved the same condition at 180 ms.…”

“…In that sense, a great number of MPPT techniques have been introduced, discussed, and tested, such as perturb and observe (P&O) [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], resistance perturbation and observation (RP&O) [ 13 ], incremental conductance (IC) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], the beta method [ 18 ], ripple correlation [ 19 , 20 ], systems oscillation [ 21 , 22 ], MPP locus characterization [ 23 ], reinforcement learning [ 24 ], sliding mode [ 25 ], and compensator-based methods [ 7 , 26 ]. Among these approaches, the P&O and IC based on the PI MPPT algorithms demand special attention because they offer outstanding performance and high speeds during initialization procedures [ 7 , 26 ].…”

Benefits of Fuzzy Logic on MPPT and PI Controllers in the Chain of Photovoltaic Control Systems

“…For instance, Brito and Prado [6] present a completely new design procedure to convert the maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) into a PV control system with a buckboost converter. In their work, they adopt Bode diagrams using mode and phase conditions.…”