“…The integration of these networks, both vertically and horizontally, can highlight clusters of proteins with central roles, aiding the understanding of drug action mechanisms ( Martin, Roe and Faulon, 2005 ; Dimitrakopoulos et al, 2021 ; Marín-Llaó et al, 2021 ; Tomkins and Manzoni, 2021 ). PPI networks offer prospects in many fields, such as medicine, health and also in agri-food ( Hao et al, 2019 ; Hasan et al, 2020 ; Thanasomboon et al, 2020 ; Charmpi et al, 2021 ). Vertical and horizontal integration algorithms are mainly based on propagation and alignment algorithms but are often combined with machine learning methods to predict the probability of reliability of an interaction ( Li and Ilie, 2017 ; Lee and Nam, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Das and Chakrabarti, 2021 ).…”