Design relationships for acousto-optic scanning systems

VanderLugt, A.; Bardos, A. M.

doi:10.1364/ao.31.004058

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The principal of an optical density grating in a constant sweeping motion, however, creates an intrinsic time dependence of Bragg diffraction from frequency-modulated acoustic carriers. An AOD lens, 33,34 for instance, uses linear frequency chirp to focalize light [supplementary material Fig. 1(b)].…”

Section: Background: Acousto-optic Spatial Light Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acousto-optic holography for pseudo-two-dimensional dynamic light patterning

Akemann,

Bourdieu

2024

APL Photonics

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Optical systems use acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) mostly for fast angular scanning and spectral filtering of laser beams. However, AODs may transform laser light in much broader ways. When time-locked to the pulsing of low repetition rate laser amplifiers, AODs permit the holographic reconstruction of 1D and pseudo-two-dimensional (ps2D) intensity objects of rectangular shape by controlling the amplitude and phase of the light field at high (20–200 kHz) rates for microscopic light patterning. Using iterative Fourier transformations (IFTs), we searched for AOD-compatible holograms to reconstruct the given ps2D target patterns through either phase-only or complex light field modulation. We previously showed that phase-only holograms can adequately render grid-like patterns of diffraction-limited points with non-overlapping diffraction orders, while side lobes to the target pattern can be cured with an apodization mask. Dense target patterns, in contrast, are typically encumbered by apodization-resistant speckle noise. Here, we show the denoised rendering of dense ps2D objects by complex acousto-optic holograms deriving from simultaneous optimization of the amplitude and phase of the light field. Target patterns lacking ps2D symmetry, although not translatable into single holograms, were accessed by serial holography based on a segregation into ps2D-compatible components. The holograms retrieved under different regularizations were experimentally validated in an AOD random-access microscope. IFT regularizations characterized in this work extend the versatility of acousto-optic holography for fast dynamic light patterning.

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Section: Background: Acousto-optic Spatial Light Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acousto-optic holography for pseudo-two-dimensional dynamic light patterning

Akemann,

Bourdieu

2024

APL Photonics

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“…That is, in the case of constant scanning sweeps, an acoustic wave with a constant frequency chirp is introduced into the acousto-optical crystal. Then, tracing the individual rays from the AOD would reveal that the focus location of the deflected beam, due to the frequency chirp, is similar to the focus location introduced by a laterally moving lens (VanderLugt and Bardos, 1992). This effect implies astigmatism of the laser beam.…”

Section: Acousto-optical Deflectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-optic and Acousto-optic Laser Beam Scanners

2014

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Optical solid state deflectors rely on the electro-optical or acousto-optic effect. These Electro-Optical Deflectors (EODs) and Acousto-Optical Deflectors (AODs) do not contain moving parts and therefore exhibit high deflection velocities and are free of drawbacks associated with mechanical scanners. A description of the principles of operation of EODs and AODs is presented. In addition, characteristics, properties and the (dis)advantages of EODs and AODs, when compared to mirror based mechanical deflectors, is discussed. Deflection angles, speed and accuracy are discussed in terms of resolvable spots and related quantities. Also, response time, damage threshold, efficiency and the type and magnitude of beam distortions is addressed. Optical deflectors are characterized by high angular deflection velocities, but small deflection angles. Whereas mechanical mechanical scanners are characterized by relatively small deflection velocities, but large deflection angles. Arranging an optical deflector and a mechanical scanner in series allows to take advantage of the best of both worlds.

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“…18,19 However, in this mode, the laser beam, in addition to being deflected, will also diverge or converge in only one direction, which will in turn cause astigmatism. Working in high-frequency chirp mode, the AOD is actually equivalent to a cylindrical acousto-optical lens (AO lens) with a focal length equal to f ¼ v 2 ∕λα, [24][25][26] where v is the propagation speed of an acoustic wave inside the AOD crystal, λ is the wavelength of the excitation light, and α is the rate of change of the acoustic frequency. The cause of astigmatism and its influence on imaging resolution are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Fast and Stable Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography using acousto-optical deflector-based confocal scheme

Yang

et al. 2015

Neurophoton

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Fluorescent labeling has opened up the possibility of clarifying the complex distribution and circuit wiring of specific neural circuits for particular functions. To acquire the brain-wide fluorescently labeled neural wiring, we have previously developed the fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography imaging system. This employs simultaneous mechanical sectioning and confocal imaging of the slices, and is capable of acquiring the image dataset of a centimeter-sized whole-mouse brain at a voxel resolution of [Formula: see text]. We analyze the key optical considerations for the use of an acousto-optical deflector (AOD) scanner-based confocal detection scheme in this system. As a result, the influence of confocal detection, the imaging site during sectioning, and AOD fast scan mode on signal-to-background noise ratio are described. It is shown that mechanical sectioning to separate the slice and optical sectioning by confocal detection should be combined to maximize background suppression in simultaneous fast scan imaging while sectioning system setup.

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Design relationships for acousto-optic scanning systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Acousto-optic holography for pseudo-two-dimensional dynamic light patterning

Acousto-optic holography for pseudo-two-dimensional dynamic light patterning

Electro-optic and Acousto-optic Laser Beam Scanners

Fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography using acousto-optical deflector-based confocal scheme

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