“…NSAIDs, being primarily administered orally, enter the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal tract and then circulate throughout the body [1]. Human serum albumin (HSA), the main globular protein in the human bloodstream, plays many important roles including maintaining the intravascular colloid osmotic pressure, neutralizing toxins, preventing the photodegradation of folic acid, exhibiting neuroprotective and recovery enhancement effects, maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and reducing neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis, and it is the main carrier of various substances, including fatty acids (FAs), bilirubin, metal ions, hormones, and NSAIDs [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The binding of NSAIDs to albumin can impact their unbound concentration in the blood (the fraction of the drug responsible for exerting pharmacological effects), affecting the residence time, efficacy, safety, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of NSAIDs in the body, i.e., influencing their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties [7,16].…”