Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves

Yang, Yang; Wang, Zhanliang; Wang, Shaomeng; Zhou, Qing; Shen, Fei; Jiang, Haibo; Wu, Zhe; Zhang, Baoqing; Guo, Zhongyi; Gong, Yubin

doi:10.3390/electronics8111224

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Therefore, the multiplexing of OAM beams with different topological charges without interference is possible, which provides a potential solution to the capacity crisis in optical communication. Currently, the OAM beam exhibits a vast range of potential applications in the fields of optics [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], electromagnetism [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], acoustics [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], and mechanics [61][62][63], thus garnishing significant attention from researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Router Devices for the OAM Optical Communication

Wang,

Zhang,

Tian

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) provide a new degree of freedom for light waves in addition to the traditional degrees of freedom, such as intensity, phase, frequency, time, and polarization. Due to the theoretically unlimited orthogonal states, the physical dimension of OAM is capable of addressing the problem of low information capacity. With the advancement of the OAM optical communication technology, OAM router devices (OAM-RDs) have played a key role in significantly improving the flexibility and practicability of communication systems. In this review, major breakthroughs in the OAM-RDs are summarized, and the latest technological standing is examined. Additionally, a detailed account of the recent works published on techniques related to the OAM-RDs has been categorized into five areas: channel multicasting, channel switching, channel filtering, channel hopping, and channel adding/extracting. Meanwhile, the principles, research methods, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed and summarized in depth while analyzing the future development trends and prospects of the OAM-RDs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Router Devices for the OAM Optical Communication

Wang,

Zhang,

Tian

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…Recently, two types of double-ridge horn antennas [25][26] have been reported to generate broad-band electromagnetic (EM) waves in water or high dielectric constant medium. A water-immersed antenna array [27] has been proposed to generate underwater vortex waves. Firstly, the feed impedance of these antennas was kept constant at 50 Ω while the wave impedances in water was changed significantly to 42.6 Ω (120π/√78.4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to keep the radiation properties unchanged, it is essential to scale not only the size of the antenna but also its input impedance. Secondly, due to the narrow-band property of the array element [27], the reported array can only generate narrow-band underwater vortex waves carrying multiple OAMs. Thirdly, there are also two acoustic vortices-based underwater communication systems [28][29], which can realize the high-speed long-range underwater communication, but the frequency is too lower, and not suitable for the underwater short range high resolution imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating and Detecting Broad-Band Underwater Multiple OAMs Based on Water-Immersed Array

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we focus on the generation of broadband underwater vortex waves carrying multiple OAMs. Based on a wideband underwater antenna, a water-immersed horn antenna array is designed and tested. The experimental results, which are in agreement with the simulation ones, validate that the proposed antenna array can readily generate high-quality vortex waves. To further validate the performance of the proposed underwater antenna array, experimental verifications of 2-D underwater imaging for the targets of two corner reflectors have been carried out, and the result shows that the targets can be distinguished efficiently. Meanwhile, two generation methods and one detection method of the multiplexed OAMs are also presented, from which the multiplexed OAMs can be generated and detected efficiently. And the performances of two generation methods have also been compared and discussed, from which we can know that the first generation method with a smaller structure costs lower and is more efficient.INDEX TERMS Broadband, orbital angular momentum (OAM), antenna array, underwater, multiplexing and demultiplexing.

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“…Recently, the generation of OAM-carrying beams mainly focused on the helical phase plate [14], spiral parabolic antenna [15], circular-phased array antenna [16,17], and dielectric resonator antenna [18]. Other relatively new reports show that dual-mode OAM states can be generated at different working frequencies, in [19], and that a water-immersed rectangular horn antenna array was fabricated for generating underwater OAM waves [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Mode Switching and Beam Scanning of High-Gain OAM Waves Using a 1-Bit Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna

et al. 2020

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A reconfigurable electromagnetic surface has been studied to realize the adjustable orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams for real-time wireless communication and dynamic target detection in the future. OAM mode switching realized by many previous designs suffers from low gains without OAM beam scanning. In this article, a 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarray antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested for the real-time control of OAM mode switching and large-angle vortex beam scanning in three-dimensional space. The proposed reflectarray surface is composed of 1-bit electronically reconfigurable cells, and the size is 24 λ × 24 λ with 2304 units. The reconfigurable element is designed by using a radiation patch loading a PIN diode with effective control of two states, “ON” and “OFF”, for the demand of 180° phase difference. The reflectarray surface can be assigned to a code sequence of 0 or 1 by the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in real time. Henceforth, the coding surface can dynamically control the generation of high-gain OAM beams, where only the optimized phase distributions on the surface need to be changed according to demand. To verify the concept, a large-scale reflectarray surface is fabricated and measured with an oblique feed at 15°. Different OAM-carrying phase distributions for different OAM beam states are calculated and tested. The test results show that the OAM mode switching between l = 1 and l = 2 is realized, and other variable modes such as l = 3 or l = 5 can also be achieved by modifying the phase encoding sequence. Furthermore, the direction of the vortex beams can be accurately controlled with gains over 20 dBi, and the large-angle vortex beam scanning is verified. Therefore, all results demonstrate that the proposed 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarray is efficient for the regulation and control of OAM-carrying beams for the demand of real-time dynamic wireless communications in the future.

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Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Research Progress on Router Devices for the OAM Optical Communication

Research Progress on Router Devices for the OAM Optical Communication

Generating and Detecting Broad-Band Underwater Multiple OAMs Based on Water-Immersed Array

Real-Time Mode Switching and Beam Scanning of High-Gain OAM Waves Using a 1-Bit Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna

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