Designing artificial sodium ion reservoirs to emulate biological synapses

Kim, Dongshin; Lee, Jang‐Sik

doi:10.1038/s41427-020-00243-2

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…A resistance of more than about 1 kΩ and a resistance window of about 100 times were extracted from the read voltage. We confirmed that simple synaptic functions, such as paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), could be implemented in the dynamic curve, and the transition from short-term plasticity (STP) to long-term plasticity (LTP) was based on the excessive electrical stimulation [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Dynamic and Static Switching in ITO/SnOx/ITO and Its Synaptic Application

Park

Chung

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The attempts to devise networks that resemble human minds are steadily progressing through the development and diversification of neural networks (NN), such as artificial NN (ANN), convolution NN (CNN), and recurrent NN (RNN). Meanwhile, memory devices applied on the networks are also being studied together, and RRAM is the one of the most promising candidates. The fabricated ITO/SnOX/TaN device showed two forms of current–voltage (I-V) curves, classified as dynamic and static. It was triggered from the forming process, and the difference between the two curves resulted from the data retention measured at room temperature for 103 s. The dynamic curve shows a time-dependent change in the data, and the cause of the data preservation period was considered through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and linear fitting in conduction mechanisms. To confirm whether the memory performance of the device may be implemented on the synapse, the change in the plasticity was confirmed using a rectangular-shaped pulse. Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) was implemented, and the change from short-term potentiation (STP) to long-term potentiation (LTP) was achieved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Dynamic and Static Switching in ITO/SnOx/ITO and Its Synaptic Application

Park

Chung

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…In addition, the ioncharging phenomenon can be utilized for liquid-based memory devices (Figure 1b). 48 Device conductivity is controlled by regulating the concentration of ions in the solution using ion reservoirs. A device that controls the ion concentration can also be designed as a two-terminal structure.…”

Section: Liquid-based Memory Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-Based Memory Devices for Next-Generation Computing

Kim

Lee

2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Liquid-based devices have emerged as bioinspired neuromorphic applications owing to their high ion-diffusion coefficients, diverse structures, and controllable ion-exchange reactions. By engineering and modifying liquid materials, multifunctional liquid-based computing devices have been developed for next-generation memory and neuromorphic devices. The unique properties of liquids make them feasible for memory functions and various synaptic applications, such as emulating synaptic plasticity, homeostasis, and action potentials. Utilizing liquids in computing devices provides a promising and versatile platform for high-performance memory devices and enables the emulation of bioinspired computing functions. In this Spotlight, we highlight recent advances in liquid-based memory devices and focus on synaptic applications. We then discuss possible array structures and scaling-down technologies for liquid-based devices. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of liquid-based devices are discussed.

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“…Thus far, only a few studies have reported the synaptic decay characteristics, where different decay behavior was demonstrated by controlling material properties such as defects and crystallinity. − Most recent biology-inspired synaptic devices have been demonstrated to emulate the Ca 2+ dynamics of organic cells; ion reactions were demonstrated in ion-gating synaptic transistors or liquid-based memory. − The ion- or liquid-based synaptic devices need new and diverse methods so that the electrode reliably connects the external circuit and the synaptic array, and the ionic device can be fabricated with the actual synaptic size while controlling the amount of ionic liquid. Ga is one of the abundant elements on earth, has low cost, and exhibits a stable structure when oxidized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Current Response of a Liquid Ga Electrode via a Surface Electrochemical Redox Reaction in a NaOH Solution

et al. 2022

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An ionic device using a liquid Ga electrode in a 1 M NaOH solution is proposed to generate artificial neural spike signals. The oxidation and reduction at the liquid Ga surface were investigated for different bias voltages at 50 °C. When the positive sweep voltage from the starting voltage ( V S ) of 1 V was applied to the Ga electrode, the oxidation current flowed immediately and decreased exponentially with time. The spike and decay current behavior resembled the polarization and depolarization at the influx and extrusion of Ca 2+ in biological synapses. Different average decay times of ∼81 and ∼310 ms were implemented for V S of −2 and −5 V, respectively, to mimic the synaptic responses to short- and long-term plasticity; these decay states can be exploited for application in binary electrochemical memory devices. The oxidation mechanism of liquid Ga was studied. The differences in Ga ion concentration due to V S led to differences in oxidation behavior. Our device is beneficial for the organ cell–machine interface system because liquid Ga is biocompatible and flexible; thus, it can be applied in biocompatible and flexible neuromorphic device development for neuroprosthetics, human cell–machine interface formation, and personal health care monitoring.

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Designing artificial sodium ion reservoirs to emulate biological synapses

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Dynamic and Static Switching in ITO/SnOx/ITO and Its Synaptic Application

Dynamic and Static Switching in ITO/SnOx/ITO and Its Synaptic Application

Liquid-Based Memory Devices for Next-Generation Computing

Synaptic Current Response of a Liquid Ga Electrode via a Surface Electrochemical Redox Reaction in a NaOH Solution

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