Designing Iron‐Amended Biosand Filters for Decentralized Safe Drinking Water Provision

Noubactep, Chicgoua; Temgoua, Émile; Rahman, Mohammad Azizur

doi:10.1002/clen.201100620

Cited by 59 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…This clarification coupled to the consideration of the formation of voluminous Fe 0 corrosion products is the theoretical starting point for the design of next generation Fe 0 filters [16,17,25,98,100,[120][121][122][123]. No consideration of these key issues has led to controversial reports which render the assessment of progress in designing Fe [8,9,54,58,[88][89][90][124][125][126].…”

Section: /H2o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an empirical approach has been used to screen selected operational factors like grain sizes and grain size distributions [126], grain packing [129] or the mixture of Fe3O4 and external Fe II solutions [88][89][90]. This empirical approach is certainly costly but not necessarily effective [121][122][123]. An alternative approach is to develop the science of the system, which will serve as compass to evaluate experimental results [25,130,131].…”

Section: /H2o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A methodology to compare the intrinsic reactivity of Fe 0 materials was introduced [133], and was recently revisited [132,134], however it is yet to receive universal acceptance. On the other hand, a universal design rationale for the design of Fe 0 filters was presented by Noubactep and Caré [130,131] and progressively revisited [25,98,[121][122][123].…”

Section: /H2o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scientific basis for this design is summarized in Noubactep et al [121] and Rahman et al [98]. The basic treatment system should consist of a modular series of treatment processes and includes in the following sequence (i) roughing filters; (ii) slow sand filters (SSF) and (iii) Fe 0 /sand filters.…”

Section: Modular Fe 0 Filter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A compilation of literature data [24,121,124,183], suggests that an effective pilot system is likely to comprise: (i) a series of polyethylene tanks (≥1200 L) installed for instance beside a municipal water treatment plant (raw water storage); (ii) a series of roughing filters; (iii) a series of slow sand filter (SSF); (iv) a series of Fe 0 /sand filters, eventually (v) a series of filters for the removal of Fe escaping from the Fe 0 /sand filters; and (vi) a second series of polyethylene tanks to collect and store drinking water. The number of filters in each series depends on the quality of the raw water and the quality of potable water to be delivered to the community.…”

Section: Improving Available Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing Metallic Iron Filtration Systems for Decentralized Water Treatment at Pilot Scale

Tepong-Tsindé

Crane

Noubactep

et al. 2015

Water

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There are many factors to consider for the design of appropriate water treatment systems including: cost, the concentration and type of biological and/or chemical contamination, concentration limits at which contaminant(s) are required to be removed, required flow rate, level of local expertise for on-going maintenance, and social acceptance. An ideal technology should be effective at producing clean, potable water; however it must also be low-cost, low-energy (ideally energy-free) and require low-maintenance. The use of packed beds containing metallic iron (Fe 0 filters) has the potential to become a cheap widespread technology for both safe drinking water provision and wastewater treatment. for decentralized water treatment particularly in the developing world. A design for safe drinking water to a community of 100 people is also discussed as starting module. It is suggested that Fe 0 filters have the potential for significant worldwide applicability, but particularly in the developing world. The appropriate design of Fe 0 filters, however, is site-specific and dependent upon the availability of local expertise/materials.

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Section: /H2o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: /H2o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: /H2o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modular Fe 0 Filter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improving Available Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Testing Metallic Iron Filtration Systems for Decentralized Water Treatment at Pilot Scale

Tepong-Tsindé

Crane

Noubactep

et al. 2015

Water

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Iron Nanoparticles for Water Treatment: Is the Future Free or Fixed?

Tesh

Scott

2016

Iron Oxides

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As global populations continue to increase, the pressure on water supplies will inevitably intensify. Consequently the international need for more efficient and cost effective water remediation technologies will also rise. The introduction of nano-technology into the industry may represent a significant advancement and zero-valent iron nano-particles (INPs) have been thoroughly studied for potential remediation applications.These nano-scale particles with metallic cores and oxide surfaces show broad applicability for treatment of both toxic organic compounds and heavy metals. However, the application of water dispersed INP suspensions is limited and somewhat contentious on the grounds of safety, whilst INP reaction mechanisms, oxide-fluid interactions, transport properties and ecotoxicity are areas still under investigation. Theoretically, the development of nano-composites containing INPs, or the less reactive iron oxide nano-particles (IONPs), to overcome these issues provides the logical next step for developing nano-materials that are better suited to wide application across the water industry. This chapter provides a thorough insight into the pros and cons of both mobile, dispersed INPs and static, bulk nano-composites; discussing the evolution of nano-technology for water treatment and the diverse range of products being developed whilst highlighting the limitations of individual solutions, overall classes of technology, and lack of comparative testing. The chapter discusses what further developments are needed to optimise remediation systems to subsequently achieve commercial maturity.

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Nano‐Composites for Water Remediation: A Review

2014

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As global populations continue to increase, the pressure on water supplies will inevitably intensify. Consequently the international need for more efficient and cost effective water remediation technologies will also rise. The introduction of nano-technology into the industry may represent a significant advancement and zero-valent iron nano-particles (INPs) have been thoroughly studied for potential remediation applications. However, the application of water dispersed INP suspensions is limited and somewhat contentious on the grounds of safety, whilst INP reaction mechanisms, transport properties and ecotoxicity are areas still under investigation. Theoretically, the development of nano-composites containing INPs to overcome these issues provides the logical next step for developing nano-materials that are better suited to wide application across the water industry. This review provides an overview of the range of static, bulk nano-composites containing INPs being developed, whilst highlighting the limitations of individual solutions, overall classes of technology, and lack of comparative testing for nano-composites. The review discusses what further developments are needed to optimize nano-composite water remediation systems to subsequently achieve commercial maturity.

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Designing Iron‐Amended Biosand Filters for Decentralized Safe Drinking Water Provision

Abstract: There are ongoing efforts to render conventional biosand filters (BSF) more efficient for safe drinking water provision. One promising option is to amend BSF with a reactive layer

Cited by 59 publications

References 98 publications

Testing Metallic Iron Filtration Systems for Decentralized Water Treatment at Pilot Scale

Testing Metallic Iron Filtration Systems for Decentralized Water Treatment at Pilot Scale

Iron Nanoparticles for Water Treatment: Is the Future Free or Fixed?

Nano‐Composites for Water Remediation: A Review

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