Designing of cardanol based polyol and its curing kinetics with melamine formaldehyde resin

Abstract

Commercially used industrial baking enamels consist of alkyd or polyester resin with melamine formaldehyde. These resins are mainly derived from fossil resources. Considering growing environmental legislation regarding use of petroleum based raw materials, utilization of renewable resources to synthesize various chemistries can be the only obvious option as far as academia and industries are concerns. The present work deals with exploration of one of the natural resources (Cardanol) for polyol synthesis, its characterization (FTIR and NMR) and its curing behavior with melamine formaldehyde resin by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optimized formulations from DSC study were further evaluated for general coating properties to study the suitability of developed polyol for industrial coating application. The experimental studies revealed that melamine content in the curing mixtures and thereby developed crosslinking density played an important role in deciding the coatings properties.

Investigation on mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of particulate SiO2 reinforced cardanol based composites

“…Based on above equation, LOI values above 26 acquire self‐extinguished property. From the Table it was observed that neat epoxy thermosets and particulate bio composites exhibited self‐extinguished property with LOI value greater than 26 . Char yield for D, DC1 was 29.48 and 26.…”

“…1%, 3%, and 5% SiO 2 loaded composite showed least percentage difference of char residue, which concluded that minimal percentage of SiO 2 was sufficient to lead better thermal stability with 31% of char residue than the bio thermosets. This was due to the behavior of SiO 2 loading which act as thermal barrier from the degradation of products during combustion exhibiting higher char residue with enhanced flame retardancy parameter of the system . However, thermal stability factors of bio based polymers can be assessed using the equation, …”

“…Thermo gram recorded during TGA scan was examined in detailed to execute the mass loss and thermal stability of pure epoxy, bio thermosets, and SiO 2 bio composites under N 2 atmosphere at 10°C/min heating rate. Various degradation stages of thermogram provide information on thermal stability and the rough idea of flame retardant behavior explaining the char yield of materials with increase in temperature. From the Table , it was observed that all the samples of both bio thermosets and bio epoxy composites exhibited double stage degradation.…”

“…From the Table 5 it was observed that neat epoxy thermosets and particulate bio composites exhibited self-extinguished property with LOI value greater than 26. [42,47] Char yield for D, DC1 was 29.48 and 26. SiO 2 reinforced composite showed char yield value as 30.…”

“…This was due to the behavior of SiO 2 loading which act as thermal barrier from the degradation of products during combustion exhibiting higher char residue with enhanced flame retardancy parameter of the system. [14,42] However, thermal stability factors of bio based polymers can be assessed using the equation,…”