Designing vanadium pentoxide-carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol-based bionanocomposite films and study of their structure, topography, mechanical, electrical and optical behavior

Effects of Ultrasonication Time on the Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Nano-ZnO/Multilayer Graphene Nanoplatelet Composite Films

“…The pattern of x GnP featured an intense peak at 2 θ = 26.48°, attributed to the stacking of single graphene layers at a distance of 0.34 nm, and other peaks at 2 θ = 43.96° and 54.62°, corresponding to reflections from the (110) and (102) planes, respectively [ 40 ]. In agreement with the findings of Goswami et al [ 41 ] and the known semi-crystalline nature of PVA, as well as the amorphous nature of CMC, the XRD pattern of PVA/CMC displayed broad peaks at 2 θ = 19.46° and 40.50°, which indicated the existence of a typical semi-crystalline structure and suggested that PVA strongly interacted with CMC [ 42 ]. The pattern of the PVA/CMC/ZnO NPs film showed the characteristic peaks of ZnO NPs at 2 θ = 31.75°, 34.37°, 36.26°, 47.56°, 56.59°, 62.85°, 67.96° and 69.05°, as well as those of the PVA/CMC film at 2 θ = 19.46° and 40.50°.…”

“…The DSC curve of the PVA/CMC film exhibited three endothermic peaks at 92.52, 222.03 and 313.69 °C, as well as a small exothermic peak at 289.65 °C ( Figure 6 and Table 1 ). The peaks at 92.52 and 222.03 °C indicated the presence of two phases, and suggested that the two polymers were partially miscible and engaged in some sort of interaction with each other [ 41 ]. Had this not been the case, the transitions of each polymer in the PVA/CMC blend would occur at similar vitreous transition temperatures [ 41 ].…”

“…The peaks at 92.52 and 222.03 °C indicated the presence of two phases, and suggested that the two polymers were partially miscible and engaged in some sort of interaction with each other [ 41 ]. Had this not been the case, the transitions of each polymer in the PVA/CMC blend would occur at similar vitreous transition temperatures [ 41 ]. The peak at 289.65 °C is considered to be the crystalline transition.…”

“…Another significant mechanical property is the Young’s modulus, also called the elastic modulus, which is a property of linear elastic solid materials. This property describes the relationship between the stress and the strain of a material [ 41 ]. Figure 8 c shows that the addition of ZnO NPs and x GnP significantly affected the Young’s modulus.…”

A review of Polyvinyl alcohol / Carboxiy methyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) composites for various applications

“…In a research conducted by Goswami et al [74], bionanocomposite films of CMC/PVA/V 2 O 5 prepared by solution casting of the CMC/ PVA thin film, and subsequently impregnation of V 2 O 5 into the film. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed lower transition temperature for CMC/PVA/V 2 O 5 nanocomposite compared to the CMC/ PVA film making it suitable for smart windows.…”