Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) composites have attracted considerable attention due to the synergic relation between the two polymers and developing novel blends with improved properties. On one hand, PVA is a versatile polymer with higher mechanical properties compared to CMC. On the other hand, CMC has high biodegradability and biocompatibility, while suffering from poor mechanical properties. Therefore, the blending of the two polymers can help to benefit from the individual component properties. This paper has reviewed the properties and potential applications (e.g. drug delivery, food packaging, and agriculture) of the PVA/ CMC composites.

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Bioactive glass (BG) and glass-ceramics (GC) have been employed for bone treatment tissue engineering applications. Bioactive glasses/bioglasses can be considered promising materials for bone-regenerative scaffolds fabrication, owing to the adaptable properties that make them appropriately be designed regarding their composition. The essential properties of bioactive glasses, enabling them to be applied in the engineering of bone tissue, can be explained as their potential to augment differentiation osteoprogenitor and cells of mesenchymal stem cells, enzyme activity, osteoblast adhesion, and revascularization. Much research is conducted for the development of phosphate glasses, borate/borosilicate BGs, and silicate. Accordingly, some metal-based glasses have also been surveyed for tissue engineering uses, technologically and biomedically. Many rare elements can also be incorporated in the network of the glass to achieve promising properties, possessing a positive influence on the associated angiogenesis and/or remodeling of bone. This review motivates for providing an overview toward bioactive glasses' general requirements, composition, production, and impact of ion substitution on bioactive glass. Attention has also been given to developments of bioactive glass applications in bone grafting, bone regeneration, drug delivery, dental implant coatings, antibacterial agents, and soft tissue engineering as well as challenges and future perspectives.