Desinformación visual en redes sociales y medios digitales: una propuesta taxonómica de la manipulación fotográfica distribuida durante la pandemia.

Se realiza un análisis de los contenidos de desinformación (N=80) que alcanzaron viralidad tras el anuncio del primer caso de COVID-19 y durante la cuarentena obligatoria por la pandemia (6 de marzo al 30 de junio del 2020), y que fueron identificados por sitios de fact-checking y entidades públicas. El estudio adapta una tipología que incluye cinco tipos de contenidos desinformativos: exageración, descontextualización, engaño, alertas falsas y estafas, destacando sus características principales. De esta manera, la investigación revela que WhatsApp fue el medio digital más usado para la difusión, así como el uso de múltiples redes sociales. Las fotos y texto fueron los elementos más usados para estos contenidos, mientras que las principales temáticas se centraron en la crisis sanitaria, el bono económico para las familias vulnerables, las restricciones en la pandemia, y los mitos de salud. Además, el estudio propone una guía para el proceso de verificación de datos en un contexto de emergencia sanitaria vigente.

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Photojournalism and Covid-19: representation and invisibility during the first confinement in Spain

Sainz

Morcate

2022

EPI

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The State of Alarm period declared by the Spanish Government due to the coronavirus crisis has had an exhaustive media coverage. However, it is observed how the visual story / narrative that has been published in the newspapers goes beyond the health field, focusing mainly on aspects of a social, political or economic nature. The types of images with the greatest presence in the representation of the harshest weeks of the pandemic determine the type of coverage, causing some relevant aspects to be minimized or invisibilized, and conditions the impact and the understanding of the severity of the disease in the society, in a particularly difficult and decisive moment such as the confinement of citizens. In the same way, the published images will have a later impact as a document by becoming part of the historical memory in the future. This article focuses on the analysis of the images published during the State of Alarm in three of the most relevant and broader scope national newspapers (El país, La vanguardia and El mundo), which is complemented by semi-directed interviews with several photojournalists who have covered Covid-19 during its first stage. The cataloging of the photographs in various categories is intended to observe the type of story that has been made visible of the Covid-19 (assessing the way in which this pandemic is being shown as an epidemic or syndemic), as well as to detect some of the most present and/or recurring visual representations and identify which are the most prominent absences.

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Desinformación visual en redes sociales y medios digitales: una propuesta taxonómica de la manipulación fotográfica distribuida durante la pandemia.

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Baby Boomers and the Use of a Specialized Fact-Checking Chatbot

Baby Boomers and the Use of a Specialized Fact-Checking Chatbot

Tipología de los contenidos virales de desinformación durante los primeros meses de emergencia sanitaria por la COVID-19 en el Perú

Photojournalism and Covid-19: representation and invisibility during the first confinement in Spain

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