Desmacella Schmidt, 1870 from Brazil: Description of two new species and a review of records (Desmacellida: Demospongiae: Porifera)

Since the 19th century the deep-sea sponges from Brazil have been studied and many of them are still being discovered. This study describes five species of tetillid sponges from deep waters of the Brazilian economic exclusive zone; three are new, one is a new occurrence, and another is a known species which is here analyzed. The new species found are: Cinachyrella clavaeformis sp. nov. from the Columbia Seamount (85 m depth), Cinachyrella strongylophora sp. nov. from the Almirante Saldanha Seamount (270 m depth) and Craniella curviclada sp. nov. from slope of the Espírito Santo Basin (500 m depth). The two new species of Cinachyrella possess microacanthoxeas like those found in Cinachyrella kuekenthali (Uliczka 1929); this last species occurs in Caribbean region (4–100 m depth) and in N, NE and SE Brazil (0.2–100 m depth). The type material of Craniella corticata (Boury-Esnault 1973); from NE Brazil (75 m depth), has been found to be a synonym of Cinachyrella kuekenthali. Craniella crustocorticata van Soest 2017; from the Guyana shelf and slope (618–500 m depth), is here reported from the slope of NE and SW Brazil (400–700 m depth). A disorganized choanosomal skeleton (in Cinachyrella clavaeformis sp. nov.), strongyles (in Cinachyrella strongylophora sp. nov.) and a single-layered cortex of tangential oxeas (in Craniella crustocorticata) are new diagnostic characters that have led us to propose slight amendments in the definitions of Cinachyrella Wilson 1925 and Craniella Schmidt 1870. We discuss these and other morphological characters as well as their usefulness in Tetillidae. The diversity, distribution and bathymetry of tetillid sponges from Brazil are discussed and our knowledge of the composition of deep-sea sponges (deeper than 100 m) off Brazil is updated.

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Previously unknown diversity: the marine sponge (Porifera) fauna from Rio Grande do Norte State, NE Brazil

PRAXEDES,

RABELO,

CAVALCANTI

et al. 2024

Zootaxa

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The Brazilian spongiofauna is still one of the least known worldwide, and the Northeastern region of Brazil is the one with the greatest recorded diversity. Previous studies on sponges in the Rio Grande do Norte State focused on deeper regions of the Potiguar Basin and oceanic islands, lacking any records from intertidal environments. The present study aimed to investigate the biodiversity of marine sponges from two beaches on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The specimens were collected in intertidal beachrocks of Baixa Grande and Ponta do Mel beaches (Areia Branca, RN) quarterly between August 2018 and May 2019, using the active search method for 2 hours during low tide. We identified 19 species belonging to the Demospongiae class, four taxa were considered dominant and six were considered rare according to the sampling period. Our study considerably improved the knowledge of the spongiofauna for the Rio Grande do Norte State, with six new taxa occurrences: Placospongia sp., Dysidea robusta, Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris, Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera, Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea and Amorphinopsis atlantica.

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Desmacella Schmidt, 1870 from Brazil: Description of two new species and a review of records (Desmacellida: Demospongiae: Porifera)

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Previously unknown diversity: the marine sponge (Porifera) fauna from Rio Grande do Norte State, NE Brazil

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