Desmutagens and bio‐antimutagens – their modes of action

ABSTRACT. We evaluated the effects of glutamine on clastogenic and genotoxic damage prevention caused by the administration of cisplatin. 4821©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (3): 4820-4830 (2014) Glutamine prevents DNA damage Forty Swiss mice were divided into 8 experimental groups: G1 and G2, which were control groups; G3, G4, and G5, which were administered [2 doses of glutamine (orally)] separated by a 24-h period (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, respectively), and a dose of phosphate-buffered saline by intraperitoneal injection; G6, G7, and G8, which were treated in the same manner as the previous groups, but received cisplatin rather than phosphate-buffered saline. The antimutagenicity groups showed damage reduction percentages of 79.05, 80.00, and 94.27% at the time point T1, 53.18, 67.05, and 64.74 at time point T2 for the 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg doses of glutamine, respectively. Antigenotoxic activity was evident for all 3 doses with damage reduction percentages of 115.05, 119.06, and 114.38 for the doses of glutamine of 150, 300, and 600 mg/ kg, respectively. These results suggest that further studies are needed to confirm the clastogenic activity of glutamine. However, our results may lead to rational strategies for supplementation of this antioxidant as an adjuvant in cancer treatment or for preventing genomic lesions.

“…Desmutagenic substances can prevent the action of damage-inducing agents by adsorbing to them. Bioantimutagenic agents can act in injury prevention or DNA repair (Kada and Shimoi, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic effects of glutamine supplementation on mice treated with cisplatin

Pesarini¹,

Sg²,

Ap³

et al. 2014

“…Desmutagenic substances are capable of blocking damage-inducing agents mainly by adsorbing them, and they largely act in the extracellular environment. Bioantimutagenic agents are capable of damage prevention or work at the level of DNA repair, acting within the cell (Kada and Shimoi, 1987). De Flora (1998) has also suggested that bioantimutagenic substances act as modulators of repair and DNA replication, stimulate the errorfree repair pathway in DNA damage, or inhibit the repair systems subject to error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of wheat bran in vivo

Pesarini¹,

Zaninetti²,

Mauro³

et al. 2013

ABSTRACT. Previous studies in rodents treated with the pro-carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine suggested that the consumption of wheat bran protected against DNA damage in the colon and rectum. Based on this information, we evaluated wheat bran as a functional food in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. We used the aberrant crypt focus assay to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of wheat bran (Triticum aestivum Dietary wheat bran chemoprevention in vivo variety CD-104), the comet assay to evaluate its antigenotoxicity potential, and the micronucleus assay to evaluate its antimutagenic potential. The wheat bran gave good antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic responses; the DNA damage decreased from 90.30 to 26.37% and from 63.35 to 28.73%, respectively. However, the wheat bran did not significantly reduce genotoxicity. Further tests will be necessary, including tests in human beings, before this functional food can be recommended as an adjunct in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.

“…Desmutagenic substances are able to block the action of DNA damage-inducing agents, mainly by their adsorption, acting preferentially in extracellular medium. On the other hand, bioantimutagenic agents are those capable of exerting their effect by preventing DNA lesions or promoting DNA repair, thus acting inside the cell (Kada and Shimoi, 1987). The bioantimutagenic substances act as modulators of DNA replication and repair, stimulate error-free repair of DNA damage, or inhibit repair systems that are subject to error (De Flora 1998;Oliveira et al, 2006).…”

Section: Experimental Group Mn Frequency Means ± Se Dr%mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic effects of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi in Allium cepa and Swiss mice: A comparative study

Fedel-Miyasato¹,

Formagio²,

Auharek³

et al. 2014

ABSTRACT. It is estimated that 60% of anticancer drugs are derived directly or indirectly from medicinal plants. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) is traditionally used in Brazilian medicine to treat inflammation, ulcers, and tumors. Because of the need to identify new antimutagenic agents and to determine their mechanism of action, this study evaluated the chemopreventive activity of the methanolic extract from leaves of S. terebinthifolius (MEST) in Allium cepa cells and in Swiss mice analyzing different protocols of MEST in association with DNA-damaging agents. The antigenotoxic and antimutagenic aspects in peripheral blood were evaluated using the comet and micronucleus assays, respectively. The percentage of damage reduction was used to compare the A. cepa and mice results. Our results showed for the first time that MEST can act as a chemopreventive compound that promotes cellular genome integrity by desmutagenic and bioantimutagenic activities in vegetal and animal models. This finding may therefore have therapeutic applications that can indirectly correlate to the prevention and/or treatment of the degenerative diseases such as cancer.