“…The second broad category of ionizing radiation effects descends from the charge released by a (heavy) ion, which results in a Single Event Effect (SEE), that is, in a macroscopic electrical phenomenon produced by a single microscopic and highly localized event. From a phenomenological point of view, a huge variety of different phenomena are grouped under the SEE acronym, such as Single Event Upset (SEU) (39,40), Single Event Functional Interrupt (SEFI) (41,42), Multiple Bit Upset (MBU) (43), Single Event Gate Rupture (SEGR) (44,45), Single Event Transient (SET) (46), Single Event Latchtup (SEL) (47), and others. On a device physics perspective, the energy of the impinging ion is first transferred to lattice atoms and electrons, resulting in photons, phonons, and electron/hole pairs generation.…”