Desulfurization of raw naphtha cuts using hybrid systems based on acoustic cavitation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)

Cavitation based cleaner technologies for biodiesel production and processing of hydrocarbon streams: A perspective on key fundamentals, missing process data and economic feasibility – A review

“…It is recommended, that more studies should be performed for higher frequencies to check if better effectiveness would be obtained. Some recent reports suggest such an approach [ 33 ].…”

“…If the goal is to remove some group of compounds, such as sulfur compounds. Future works should include an additional stage dedicated to extractive or sorptive removal of the by-products [ 33 ]. Such an attempt can easily assure the high final effectiveness of overall process.…”

“…Other AOP approaches can be used in bi-phasic systems, where an aqueous solution of oxidant is dispersed in an organic phase with the assistance of additional factors like UV light or catalysts. Finally, suggested in [ 33 ] approach – possible to be performed through cavitation phenomenon, could be separated into two stages where the first extraction of sulfur compounds would be performed, followed by their degradation in aqueous phase through AOPs.…”

“…In this review, the highlighted applications of cavitation on organic phase treatment, such as crude oil processing [ 27 ], biodiesel production [ 28 ], desulphurization of fuels [ 29 ] , improving rheological characteristics of oils [ 30 ], treatment of heavy oils, hydrocarbon cracking [ 31 ], and emulsion production during cavitation processes [ 32 ], are addressed. The upgrading of heavy molecules in residue, or other heavy cuts, can be done by cavitation technology but under specific operating conditions [ 33 ]. The research studies published so far indicate that cavitation may be useful for the improvement of the properties of crude oil, diesel, gasoline, naphtha, and waste cooking oil toward more friendly products to the environment and more beneficial from the economic point of view.…”

Numerical Model of an Ultrasonically Induced Cavitation Reactor and Application to Heavy Oil Processing

“…This section presents the application of the modeling framework to study a pilot-sized setup, in which Heavy Fuel Oil 380 is processed through an ultrasonically-enhanced ODS process [43]. HFO 380 has been commonly used in marine transportation, but since 2020 its use has been banned because of large sulfur amounts.…”