Detailed characterization of particulates emitted by pre-commercial single-cylinder gasoline compression ignition engine

Zelenyuk, Alla; Reitz, P.; Stewart, Mark; Imre, Dan G.; Loeper, Paul; Adams, Cory; Andrie, Michael; Rothamer, David; Foster, David E.; Narayanaswamy, Kushal; Najt, Paul; Solomon, A. S. P.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.01.011

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Zelenyuk et al 31 found a mass-mobility exponent fractal dimension of ∼2.2 for the exhaust particles from a GCI engine. The SIDI results used to calculate particle mass agree with the particle mass determined from the diesel data of Park et al 42 and the GCI LI data of Zelenyuk et al 43 within ±20% for the range of particle sizes from 50 to 300 nm. Therefore, the particle mass estimates should be reasonably accurate for a wide range of combustion strategies.…”

Section: Measurementssupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparisons of particle size distribution from conventional and advanced compression ignition combustion strategies

Zhang

Ghandhi

Rothamer

2017

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Particulate size distribution measurements are of importance in engine research as stricter regulations on particulate matter emissions (both mass and number based) are being implemented. Particulate size distribution measurements can be very sensitive to the laboratory environment or experimental setup, making it difficult to compare results for different combustion strategies acquired in different labs. In this study, a comparison of particulate size distribution measurements over a wide variety of conventional and advanced combustion strategies was conducted using a four-stroke singlecylinder diesel engine test setup to eliminate lab-to-lab variations and enable direct comparison of particulate size distribution results for different combustion strategies. Eight combustion strategies are included in the comparison: conventional diesel combustion, diesel/gasoline reactivity controlled compression ignition, homogeneous charge compression ignition, two types of gasoline compression ignition (early injection and late injection), diesel low temperature combustion, natural gas combustion with diesel pilot injection, and diesel/natural gas reactivity controlled compression ignition. Measurements were performed at four different load-speed points with matched combustion phasing when possible; for several strategies, it was necessary to operate with slightly different combustion phasing. Particle size distributions were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer. To study the influence of volatile particles, measurements were performed with and without a volatile particle remover (thermodenuder) at low and high dilution ratios. The results show that non-uniformity in the fuel distribution caused by direct injection results in increased accumulation-mode particle concentrations compared to premixed strategies even for low particulate mass advanced combustion strategies. Premixed combustion strategies (homogeneous charge compression ignition) and early injection gasoline compression ignition show higher nuclei-mode particle concentrations. Overall particle number and mass concentrations vary significantly between engine operating conditions and between combustion strategies.

show abstract

Section: Measurementssupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparisons of particle size distribution from conventional and advanced compression ignition combustion strategies

Zhang

Ghandhi

Rothamer

2017

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it should be noted that this method assumes a single χt for the entire shape distribution. While several studies have found that χt changes as a function of particle size [Beranek et al, 2012;Zelenyuk et al, 2014], the current apparatus and analysis is unable to account for the dependence. Figure 2.2 Detailed view of the optical experimental set up as described in Section 2.1.…”

Section: Aerosol Flow and Particle Size Distribution Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Due to lack of data, dynamic shape factors in different regimes are often assumed to be the same [DeCarlo et al, 2004;Zelenyuk et al, 2006]. However, a few studies have measured dynamic shape factors in different regimes to test this assumption and found that it is not generally valid [Beranek et al, 2012;Zelenyuk et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of mineral dust aerosol including analysis of particle size, composition, and shape effects, and the impact of physical and chemical processing

Alexander¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric mineral dust has a large impact on the earth's radiation balance and climate. The radiative effects of mineral dust depend on factors including, particle size, shape, and composition which can all be extremely complex. Mineral dust particles are typically irregular in shape and can include sharp edges, voids, and fine scale surface roughness. Particle shape can also depend on the type of mineral and can vary as a function of particle size. In addition, atmospheric mineral dust is a complex mixture of different minerals as well as other, possibly organic, components that have been mixed in while these particles are suspended in the atmosphere. Aerosol optical properties are investigated in this work, including studies of the effect of particle size, shape, and composition on the infrared (IR) extinction and visible scattering properties in order to achieve more accurate modeling methods. Studies of particle shape effects on dust optical properties for single component mineral samples of silicate clay and diatomaceous earth are carried out here first. Experimental measurements are modeled using T-matrix theory in a uniform spheroid approximation. Previous efforts to simulate the measured optical properties of silicate clay, using models that assumed particle shape was independent of particle size, have achieved only limited success. However, a model which accounts for a correlation between particle size and shape for the silicate clays offers a large improvement over earlier modeling approaches. Diatomaceous earth is also studied as an example of a single component mineral dust aerosol with extreme particle shapes. A particle shape distribution, determined by fitting the experimental IR extinction data, used as a basis for modeling the visible light scattering properties. While the visible simulations show only modestly good agreement with the scattering data, the fits are generally better than those obtained using more commonly invoked particle shape distributions. The next goal of this work is to investigate if modeling methods developed in the studies of single mineral components can be generalized to predict the optical properties of more v authentic aerosol samples which are complex mixtures of different minerals. Samples of Saharan sand, Iowa loess, and Arizona road dust are used here as test cases. T-matrix based simulations of the authentic samples, using measured particle size distributions, empirical mineralogies, and a priori particle shape models for each mineral component are directly compared with the measured IR extinction spectra and visible scattering profiles. This modeling approach offers a significant improvement over more commonly applied models that ignore variations in particle shape with size or mineralogy and include only a moderate range of shape parameters. Mineral dust samples processed with organic acids and humic material are also studied in order to explore how the optical properties of dust can change after being aged in the atmosphere. Processed samples include quartz mi...

show abstract

“…Region C contains particles of mineral dust mixed with soot (Gallavardin, Lohmann, & Cziczo, 2008), organic combustion compounds (Zelenyuk et al, 2014) and sulfate (Vogt et al, 2003), while region D is dominated only by sulfate. Common for these spectra and responsible for OPTICS ordering them into the same valley is their high sulfate content.…”

Section: Ambient Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A new, powerful technique to analyze single particle aerosol mass spectra using a combination of OPTICS and the fuzzy c-means algorithm

Reitz¹,

Zorn²,

Trimborn³

et al. 2016

Journal of Aerosol Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Detailed characterization of particulates emitted by pre-commercial single-cylinder gasoline compression ignition engine

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Comparisons of particle size distribution from conventional and advanced compression ignition combustion strategies

Comparisons of particle size distribution from conventional and advanced compression ignition combustion strategies

Optical properties of mineral dust aerosol including analysis of particle size, composition, and shape effects, and the impact of physical and chemical processing

A new, powerful technique to analyze single particle aerosol mass spectra using a combination of OPTICS and the fuzzy c-means algorithm

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About