Detecting anxiety and depression in general medical settings.

Abstract

To aid general practitioners and other non-psychiatrists in the better recognition of mental illness short scales measuring anxiety and depression were derived by latent trait analysis from a standardised psychiatric research interview. Designed to be used by non-psychiatrists, they provide dimensional measures of the severity of each disorder. The full set of nine questions need be administered only if there are positive answers to the first four. When assessed against the full set of 60 questions contained in the psychiatric assessment schedule they had a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 86%.The scales would be used by non-psychiatrists in clinical investigations and possibly also by medical students to familiarise them with the common forms of psychiatric illness, which are often unrecognised in general medical settings.

Web based health surveys: Using a Two Step Heckman model to examine their potential for population health analysis

“…The first part of the Stress Test gave an overall measure of people's current mood using the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADs) (Goldberg et al, 1988) and the BBC Wellbeing Scale, a new measure of general well-being developed for The Stress Test (Kinderman, et al, 2011). Developed from a 36 items of the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (Surtees et al, 1983), GADs is eighteen-item self-report symptom inventory with 'yes' or 'no' responses to items asking how respondents had been feeling in the past few weeks.…”

Association of obesity with anxiety, depression and emotional well‐being: a community survey

“…18 Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed by the Goldberg anxiety and depression scales, which give scores of 0 to 9 for number of symptoms of anxiety and of depression. 19 These scales have been validated against clinical diagnoses of major depressive episode and generalised anxiety disorder. 19,20 Physical health was measured by the Physical Component Summary of the 12-item Short Form Health Sur vey (SF-12), which is scaled to have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 in the US general population with higher scores reflecting better health.…”

“…19 These scales have been validated against clinical diagnoses of major depressive episode and generalised anxiety disorder. 19,20 Physical health was measured by the Physical Component Summary of the 12-item Short Form Health Sur vey (SF-12), which is scaled to have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 in the US general population with higher scores reflecting better health. 21 Emotional well-being was measured with the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS), which give scores ranging from 10 to 50.…”

Are ecstasy users biased toward endorsing somatic mental health symptoms? Results from a general community sample

“…Participants completed the Goldberg anxiety and depression scales (Goldberg et al 1988). These scales are comprised of a nine-item scale measuring anxiety symptoms and a nine-item scale measuring depressive symptoms.…”