Detecting competition in the fossil record: Support for character displacement among Ordovician brachiopods

Tyler, Carrie L.; Leighton, Lindsey R.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.020

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…A series of previous analyses have documented evidence for increased competition and its effects on the community structure in the invasion and post‐invasion intervals. Clear evidence exists for niche partitioning (Patzkowsky and Holland ), character displacement in which native species shifted their morph ology away from that of morphologically (and ecologically) similar invasive species (Tyler and Leighton ), and shifted biogeographic distributions (Dudei and Stigall , Stigall ). Results of these studies coupled with the widespread reduction in realized niche breadth indicates a substantial role for competitive interactions in shaping post‐invasion community structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community reorganization was protracted over an interval of approximately one million years Holland 2007, Stigall 2010b). Furthermore, speciation rate declined (Stigall 2010b) and competitive interactions increased (Tyler and Leighton 2011) at the same time. Th ese substantial ecosystem changes reduced the effi cacy of habitat tracking and prompted changes in the realized niches of Cincinnatian species.…”

Section: How Do Ecological Niche Parameters Evolve?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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When and how do species achieve niche stability over long time scales?

Stigall

2014

Ecography

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Niche conservation is not ubiquitous among all species or all environmental changes. Identifying the underlying basis for variable species responses is important for conservation efforts and macroevolutionary theory and requires comparing multiple clades and types of environmental change. To examine this issue, niche stability was analyzed for a phylogenetically diverse suite of invertebrates that inhabited the epicontinental seas of eastern North America during the Late Ordovician Period (∼450 Ma). These taxa experienced fluctuating sea level and a regional biotic invasion event, the Richmondian invasion, during nine time slices spanning approximately three million years. Niche models were generated with Maxent and niche stability was assessed via geographic overlap, niche similarity, and environmental parameters. These taxa exhibited high fidelity habitat tracking and stable ecological niches during the pre‐invasion interval characterized by gradual sea‐level changes, whereas taxa exhibited statistically lower niche stability and more niche evolution during and after the Richmondian invasion. Conversely, environmental parameter similarity between niche models of adjacent time slices was lowest during the pre‐invasion interval and increased following the Richmondian invasion. Declining niche similarity and geographic stability coincident with increasing environmental parameter similarity indicates ecological niche change resulted from contracting species' realized niches to a subset of the original fundamental niche dimensions rather than shifting to new ecospace. Niche contraction is interpreted as a response to increased competition from invasive species, which may have arisen from adaptation, sorting (differential birth and death processes) and/or ecological fitting. These results indicate that consideration of multiple hierarchical levels, temporal scales and ecological contexts will yield new insights into the processes that generate both macroevolutionary and ecological patterns. They also suggest the widely employed assumption of niche conservatism through time and space may be more frequently valid for intervals of gradual abiotic change than for biotic changes caused by invasive species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Do Ecological Niche Parameters Evolve?mentioning

confidence: 99%

When and how do species achieve niche stability over long time scales?

Stigall

2014

Ecography

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“…Thus, it appears that morphological diversification early in the evolutionary history of a group may, in some cases, lead the second group to diversify in a different morphological space. To our knowledge, such historical priority effects on the morphological diversification of entire bird clades have not been reported before, although historical priority effects are known from the fossil record (e.g., Wesley‐Hunt ; Tyler and Leighton ; Wilson ). Moreover, Schenk et al () documented historical priority effects in continental assemblages of muroid rodents, whereby first colonizers appeared to inhibit the diversification of second colonizers, consistent with their constraining ecological opportunity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

The evolution of morphological diversity in continental assemblages of passerine birds

2015

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Understanding geographic variation in the species richness and lineage composition of regional biotas is a long-standing goal in ecology. Why do some evolutionary lineages proliferate while others do not, and how do new colonists fit into an established fauna? Here, we analyze the morphological structure of assemblages of passerine birds in four biogeographic regions to examine the relative influence of colonization history and niche-based processes on continental communities of passerine birds. Using morphological traits related to habitat choice, foraging technique, and movement, we quantify the morphological spaces occupied by different groups of passerine birds. We further quantify morphological overlap between groups by multivariate discriminant analysis and null model analyses of trait dispersion. Finally, we use subclade disparity through time to assess the temporal component of morphological evolution. We find mixed support for the prediction, based on priority, that first colonizers constrain subsequent colonizers. Indeed, our results show that the assembly of continental communities is idiosyncratic with regards to the diversification of new clades and the filling of morphospace.

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“…The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) is not only characterized by a remarkable increase in taxonomic diversity, but also in sheer biomass, biocomplexity and a striking increase in a diversity (Harper 2006(Harper , 2010. Individual assemblages increased from containing less than 10 species in the Late Cambrian to over 30 by the Late Ordovician, producing more densely packed communities (Harper 2006(Harper , 2010 and heightening competition as individuals sought for suitable attachment substrates for unimpeded growth and feeding (Tyler & Leighton 2011;Topper et al 2015a,b). This increase in sheer biomass is immediately obvious when comparing the direct fossil evidence of brachiopods preserved in life position (Figs 1, 2).…”

Section: Cambrian-ordovician Comparisons and The Ecospace Flat Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dawn of a dynasty: life strategies of Cambrian and Ordovician brachiopods

Topper

Zhang

Gutiérrez-Marco

et al. 2018

LET

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Brachiopods are among the first animal phyla to emerge from the Cambrian Explosion, rapidly diversifying to all major palaeocontinental blocks within 20 million years. The group underwent another steep rise in diversity during the Ordovician, and their relative abundance and diversity made them one of the most successful invertebrate groups during the entire Palaeozoic. During this time, brachiopods lived in a range of environments and represented a significant component of marine ecosystems, yet information regarding their modes of life and ecology is somewhat limited. Recent studies, primarily from the Chengjiang and Burgess Shale Lagerstätten, have revealed that by the Middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) brachiopods from across the phylum had already developed a range of ecological strategies and life modes. Cambrian brachiopods occupied distinct trophic niches on soft and hard substrates and exhibited at least five types of lifestyles: pedicle attachment, pedicle anchoring, cemented, free‐lying and semi‐infaunal. Comparisons with Ordovician benthic assemblages show that despite the explosion of brachiopod taxa witnessed in the Ordovician, with the exception of the appearance of burrowing brachiopods, life strategies of brachiopods remained largely the same. Indicating that the majority of life modes observed in brachiopods had rapidly evolved and was already in place prior to the Great Ordovician Biodiversity Event.

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Detecting competition in the fossil record: Support for character displacement among Ordovician brachiopods

Cited by 33 publications

References 112 publications

When and how do species achieve niche stability over long time scales?

When and how do species achieve niche stability over long time scales?

The evolution of morphological diversity in continental assemblages of passerine birds

The dawn of a dynasty: life strategies of Cambrian and Ordovician brachiopods

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