(NSF and IES 2018) describe reproducibility as a continuum (Fig. 1). The goal is to push work up the continuum to make data, models, code, directions, and other digital artifacts used in the research available for others to reuse (availability). Then, use shared artifacts to exactly reproduce published results (reproducibility, sometimes called bit or computational reproducibility). Finally, use artifacts with existing and new data sets to replicate findings across sites or domains (replicability). For example, the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management policy to specify the availability of data, models, and code (Rosenberg and Watkins 2018) primarily targets availability in the reproducibility continuum. This Fig. 1. Reproducibility is a continuum.