Detection and characterization of human pathogenic viruses circulating in community wastewater using multi target microarrays and polymerase chain reaction

Wong, Mark; Hashsham, Syed A.; Gülari, Erdogan; Rouillard, Jean Marie; Aw, Tiong Gim; Rose, Joan B.

doi:10.2166/wh.2013.322

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Since an infected person excretes 10 7 to 10 13 virus particles per day (19), analysis of incoming sewage may be a useful tool to reveal the presence of and quantify excreted fecal human pathogens and thereby give an estimation of the number of infected persons. Most studies on enteric viruses in sewage only detect the viruses and do not relate the virus sequences identified in sewage to those from patients from the same sampling time and region (27,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Several of the techniques for virus detection in sewage have also been developed for detection of poliovirus in line with the WHO polio eradication program (36,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks

Hellmér

Paxéus

Magnius

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

431

302

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dMost persons infected with enterically transmitted viruses shed large amounts of virus in feces for days or weeks, both before and after onset of symptoms. Therefore, viruses causing gastroenteritis may be detected in wastewater, even if only a few persons are infected. In this study, the presence of eight pathogenic viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, Aichi virus, parechovirus, hepatitis A virus [HAV], and hepatitis E virus) was investigated in sewage to explore whether their identification could be used as an early warning of outbreaks. Samples of the untreated sewage were collected in proportion to flow at Ryaverket, Gothenburg, Sweden. Daily samples collected during every second week between January and May 2013 were pooled and analyzed for detection of viruses by concentration through adsorption to milk proteins and PCR. The largest amount of noroviruses was detected in sewage 2 to 3 weeks before most patients were diagnosed with this infection in Gothenburg. The other viruses were detected at lower levels. HAV was detected between weeks 5 and 13, and partial sequencing of the structural VP1protein identified three different strains. Two strains were involved in an ongoing outbreak in Scandinavia and were also identified in samples from patients with acute hepatitis A in Gothenburg during spring of 2013. The third strain was unique and was not detected in any patient sample. The method used may thus be a tool to detect incipient outbreaks of these viruses and provide early warning before the causative pathogens have been recognized in health care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks

Hellmér

Paxéus

Magnius

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

431

302

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“…Microarrays for detection of human enteric viruses in community wastewaters using cell culture coupled with multiple targets including DNA and RNA viruses have also been developed [ 81 ]. The ViroChip, a pan-virus DNA microarray containing thousands of 70-mer oligonucleotide probes to target all viral families to infect humans, has been described by Wang and co-workers [ 82 ].…”

Section: Detection Methods For Waterborne Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Challenges

et al. 2015

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Waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. These diseases are directly related to environmental deterioration and pollution. Despite the continued efforts to maintain water safety, waterborne outbreaks are still reported globally. Proper assessment of pathogens on water and water quality monitoring are key factors for decision-making regarding water distribution systems’ infrastructure, the choice of best water treatment and prevention waterborne outbreaks. Powerful, sensitive and reproducible diagnostic tools are developed to monitor pathogen contamination in water and be able to detect not only cultivable pathogens but also to detect the occurrence of viable but non-culturable microorganisms as well as the presence of pathogens on biofilms. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is a helpful tool to evaluate the scenarios for pathogen contamination that involve surveillance, detection methods, analysis and decision-making. This review aims to present a research outlook on waterborne outbreaks that have occurred in recent years. This review also focuses in the main molecular techniques for detection of waterborne pathogens and the use of QMRA approach to protect public health.

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“…Besides poliovirus in populations, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, reoviruses, and noroviruses are often found in environmental raw sewage [ 16 – 19 ]. These groups of viruses can cause a broad range of asymptomatic to severe gasterointestinal or respiratory infections [ 20 ], or even more acute conditions such as meningitis and paralysis [ 21 ], thus constituting a considerable public health problem in the community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Incidence of Mammalian Orthoreovirus Identified by Environmental Surveillance in Taiwan

et al. 2015

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Wild poliovirus (WPV) persists in diverse locales worldwide, spreading outward from endemic areas. In response to the international threat of WPV transmission and changes in the national vaccination policy, we established an environmental surveillance system to monitor the circulation of wild and vaccine-related poliovirus in Taiwan. From July 2012 to December 2013, we collected sewage specimens every month from 10 sewage treatment plants located throughout Taiwan. The specimens were concentrated by the two-phase separation method and then inoculated into L20B, RD, and A549 cells for virus isolation. Viral isolates were identified and serotyped by immunofluorescence assay or molecular analysis. A total of 300 sewage samples were collected, and the results showed 163 samples (54.3%) were positive for virus, and 268 isolates were identified. Among these, 75 samples (25%) were positive for enterovirus (EV), but no poliovirus was found. In addition, 92 isolates were identified as enteroviruses and the most common serotypes were coxsackievirus B4, coxsackievirus B3, and coxsackievirus B2. Interestingly, 102 (34%) and 82 (27.3%) specimens were positive for mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) and adenovirus, respectively. This study confirmed that sewage surveillance can be a useful additional modality for monitoring the possible presence of wild-type or vaccine-derived poliovirus in wastewater, and can indicate the current types of viruses circulating in the population. Furthermore, since MRV was found in children with acute necrotizing encephalopathy and meningitis, the high incidence of MRV detected by environmental surveillance warrants further investigation.

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Detection and characterization of human pathogenic viruses circulating in community wastewater using multi target microarrays and polymerase chain reaction

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks

Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Challenges

High Incidence of Mammalian Orthoreovirus Identified by Environmental Surveillance in Taiwan

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