Detection and Characterization of Porcine Sapelovirus in Italian Pig Farms

Chelli, Eleonora; Sabato, Luca De; Vaccari, Gabriele; Ostanello, Fabio; Bartolo, Ilaria Di

doi:10.3390/ani10060966

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…We found that PTV, PSV-A, and EV-G are commonly present in fecal samples of healthy as well as diseased Swiss pigs, confirming results from other countries. 7,11,14,34,38 In brain samples, PSV-A and EV-G were detected at low rates and only in diseased pigs. Notably, despite frequent detection of PTV in feces, no PTV was detected in any of the brain samples tested in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results are in agreement with previous studies. 11,14,17,34,41,47 The increasing virus frequency with age may be explained by the presence of protective maternal antibodies in suckling piglets and because sows in general show less infection with virus, most probably as a result of protective immunity, leading to lower infection pressure for the piglets. In contrast, weaned and fattening pigs are more prone to viral infections given stressful or immunocompromising situations, such as the decline of maternal antibody titer after weaning, moving into new premises, or overcrowding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PTV, PSV-A, and EV-G are distributed worldwide and have been reported in the Americas, 2,3,14,36 Europe, 6–11,34,38 Africa, 17 and Asia. 12,24,29 Infections with PTV, PSV-A, or EV-G have been detected in association with diarrhea 26,28,50 and neurologic, 3,13,26,36,37,42,44 reproductive, 29 and respiratory disorders, 26,28,50 as well as with aphthae-like skin lesions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,22 Less-virulent strains of PTV1, as well as other PTV serotypes, can lead to mild neurologic disorders, designated as Talfan disease or benign enzootic paresis. 1 Reported prevalences or frequencies of the 3 enteric viral species have been derived primarily from fecal samples of both domestic pigs and wild boars and show considerable differences: 19.0–61.8% for PTV, 7,9,14,34,38,47 2.8–72.8% for PSV-A, 5,7,9,11,14,34,38,41 and 0–69.4% for EV-G. 7,14,34,38,41 Despite frequent detection in diseased animals, proof of an association of viral infection with clinical signs is lacking for most serotypes of these 3 viruses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Porcine teschovirus, sapelovirus, and enterovirus in Swiss pigs: multiplex RT-PCR investigation of viral frequencies and disease association

et al. 2021

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Porcine teschovirus (PTV), sapelovirus (PSV-A), and enterovirus (EV-G) are enteric viruses that can infect pigs and wild boars worldwide. The viruses have been associated with several diseases, primarily gastrointestinal, neurologic, reproductive, and respiratory disorders, but also with subclinical infections. However, for most serotypes, proof of a causal relationship between viral infection and clinical signs is still lacking. In Switzerland, there has been limited investigation of the occurrence of the 3 viruses. We used a modified multiplex reverse-transcription PCR protocol to study the distribution of the viruses in Swiss pigs by testing 363 fecal, brain, and placental or abortion samples from 282 healthy and diseased animals. We did not detect the 3 viruses in 94 placental or abortion samples or in 31 brain samples from healthy pigs. In brain tissue of 81 diseased pigs, we detected 5 PSV-A and 4 EV-G positive samples. In contrast, all 3 viruses were detected at high frequencies in fecal samples of both healthy and diseased pigs. In healthy animals, PTV was detected in 47%, PSV-A in 51%, and EV-G in 70% of the 76 samples; in diseased animals, frequencies in the 81 samples were 54%, 64%, and 68%, respectively. The viruses were detected more frequently in fecal samples from weaned and fattening pigs compared to suckling piglets and sows. Co-detections of all 3 viruses were the most common finding. Based on clinical and pathology data, statistical analysis yielded no evidence for an association of virus detection and disease. Further research is required to determine if pathogenicity is linked to specific serotypes of these viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Porcine teschovirus, sapelovirus, and enterovirus in Swiss pigs: multiplex RT-PCR investigation of viral frequencies and disease association

et al. 2021

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“…Culture and targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be performed for the detection of these bacteria [ 33 , 34 ]. Detection of specific porcine viruses known or likely to be present, e.g., swine influenza A virus (swIAV) [ 35 ], PSV [ 36 ], PEV [ 37 ], PTV [ 38 ], PAstV [ 39 ], PBoV [ 40 , 41 ], PCV2 [ 42 ], and many others, can also be performed using targeted PCR assays. However, targeted detection may not be suitable for investigating co-infection with multiple pathogens, or if there is an involvement of novel or variant viruses and other pathogens [ 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Cause of Diarrhoea and Poor Growth in 8–11-Week-Old Pigs from an Australian Pig Herd Using Metagenomic Sequencing

Bhatta

Chamings

Alexandersen

2021

Viruses

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Diarrhoea and poor growth among growing pigs is responsible for significant economic losses in pig herds globally and can have a wide range of possible aetiologies. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are useful for the detection and characterisation of diverse groups of viruses and bacteria and can thereby provide a better understanding of complex interactions among microorganisms potentially causing clinical disease. Here, we used a metagenomics approach to identify and characterise the possible pathogens in colon and lung samples from pigs with diarrhoea and poor growth in an Australian pig herd. We identified and characterized a wide diversity of porcine viruses including RNA viruses, in particular several picornaviruses—porcine sapelovirus (PSV), enterovirus G (EV-G), and porcine teschovirus (PTV), and a porcine astrovirus (PAstV). Single stranded DNA viruses were also detected and included parvoviruses like porcine bocavirus (PBoV) and porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2), porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7), porcine bufa virus (PBuV), and porcine adeno-associated virus (AAV). We also detected single stranded circular DNA viruses such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) at very low abundance and torque teno sus viruses (TTSuVk2a and TTSuVk2b). Some of the viruses detected here may have had an evolutionary past including recombination events, which may be of importance and potential involvement in clinical disease in the pigs. In addition, our metagenomics data found evidence of the presence of the bacteria Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp., and Campylobacter spp. that may, together with these viruses, have contributed to the development of clinical disease and poor growth.

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Molecular characterization of a porcine sapelovirus strain isolated in China

Tao

et al. 2021

Arch Virol

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BackgroundPorcine sapelovirus (PSV) infections have been associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection to clinical signs including diarrhoea, pneumonia, reproductive disorders, and polioencephalomyelitis. Although it has a global distribution, studies on PSV in domestic have been relatively few so far which goes against for this pathogen's research and disease prevention. MethodsIn this study, we isolated a PSV strain, SHCM2019, from the swine faecal specimens with PK-15 cells. To investigate its molecular characteristics and pathogenicity, the genomic sequence of the SHCM2019 strain was analysed, and further the clinical manifestations and pathological changes exhibited following inoculation of the neonatal piglets were observed. ResultsThe strain isolated with PK-15 cells, was identi ed as PSV by RT-PCR, IFA and TEM assays. Sequencing results showed that the full-length genome of the SHCM2019 strain was 7567 nucleotides including a 27nucloetude poly (A) tail. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus isolate belonged to PSV and was classi ed into the Chinese strain cluster. Virus recombination analysis indicated that there might be a recombination break point upstream of the 3D region in PSVs. Pathogenicity research demonstrated that the virus isolate could cause diarrhoea and pneumonia in piglets. ConclusionThis study presented the isolation of a recombinant PSV strain, SHCM2019, and demonstrated the isolate was pathogenic. Our results may provide a reference for future researches of the pathogenic mechanism and evolutionary characteristics of PSV.

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Detection and Characterization of Porcine Sapelovirus in Italian Pig Farms

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Porcine teschovirus, sapelovirus, and enterovirus in Swiss pigs: multiplex RT-PCR investigation of viral frequencies and disease association

Porcine teschovirus, sapelovirus, and enterovirus in Swiss pigs: multiplex RT-PCR investigation of viral frequencies and disease association

Exploring the Cause of Diarrhoea and Poor Growth in 8–11-Week-Old Pigs from an Australian Pig Herd Using Metagenomic Sequencing

Molecular characterization of a porcine sapelovirus strain isolated in China

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