Detection and Diagnosis of<i>Listeria</i>and Listeriosis in Animals

Wesley, Irene V.; Borucki, Monica K.; Call, Douglas R.; Larson, David J.; Schroeder-Tucker, L.

doi:10.1002/9780470752616.ch24

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In particular, direct infection of the trigeminal nerve may occur during changes in dentition, leading to bovine listerial encephalitis (23). Therefore, a variety of risk factors, including strain virulence, route of entry, dose, host immune response, and physical stresses (calving, concurrent disease, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from a High-Prevalence Dairy Farm

Borucki

Reynolds

McElwain

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Listeria monocytogenes is a significant food-borne human and veterinary pathogen. Contaminated silage commonly leads to disease in livestock, but the pervasive nature of the bacterium can make it difficult to identify the source of infection. An investigation of bovine listeriosis that occurred on a Pacific Northwest dairy farm ("farm A") revealed that the clinical strain was closely related to fecal strains from asymptomatic cows, and that farm environment was heavily contaminated with a diversity of L. monocytogenes strains. In addition, the farm A clinical strain was closely related to clinical and environmental strains obtained 1 year prior from a second Northwest dairy farm ("farm B"). To investigate the source(s) of contamination on farm A, environmental samples were collected from farm A at two time points. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis characterization of 538 isolates obtained from that farm identified 57 different AscI pulsovars. Fecal isolates obtained from individual cows were the most genetically diverse, with up to 94% of fecal samples containing more than one pulsovar. The maximum numbers of pulsovars and serotypes isolated from a fecal sample of one cow were 6 and 4, respectively. Serotype 1/2a was isolated most frequently at both time points. Microarray genotyping of bovine listeriosis, fecal, and silage strains from both farms identified four probes that differentiated listeriosis strains from environmental strains; however, no probe was common to both bovine listeriosis strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from a High-Prevalence Dairy Farm

Borucki

Reynolds

McElwain

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Although strain F2365 was previously associated with a large human epidemic, the clones present on the farm were not the cause of the bovine listeriosis cases analyzed nor were they associated with a recent regional human epidemic. Possible explanations for this include factors such as inadequate dose, differences in host immune status, strain preadaptation (17), or, in the case of bovine listeriosis, route of inoculation (20). In addition, seemingly unrelated sporadic cases may have an unrecognized common source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Farm Reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes Sporadic and Epidemic Strains

Borucki

Reynolds

McElwain

et al. 2004

Journal of Food Protection

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Identifying the reservoirs of a pathogen is vital for control of sporadic disease and epidemics. Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen that is responsible for 28% of food-related deaths in the United States annually, as well as a major cause of massive product recalls worldwide. To examine the role of the dairy farm as a potential source or reservoir for L. monocytogenes subtypes shown to cause human listeriosis, we compared the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) restriction enzyme digestion profiles of L. monocytogenes dairy farm-associated strains (milk, environmental, and bovine) to human sporadic and epidemic disease strains. Twenty-three percent of human sporadic strains had PFGE patterns identical to that of farm isolate(s). Additionally, three farm environmental strains and one human sporadic strain had a PFGE pattern identical to a strain of L. monocytogenes responsible for the 1985 California epidemic. These data indicate that this epidemic strain continues to cause sporadic human illness and has a potential dairy farm as a reservoir.

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“…For Salmonella detection, pre-enrichment (16-20 h), selective enrichment (18-48 h), plating on selective/differential agar media (24-48 h) and biochemical and serological identification (4-48 h) steps are needed (Maddox 2003). Similarly, detection methods for Listeria (Wesley et al 2003) and pathogenic E. coli cells (Moxley 2003) are also time-consuming. So, the rapid, direct, sensitive and reliable detection of pathogenic bacteria in processed food is highly desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of environmental stresses on antibody-based detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes

Hahm

Bhunia

2006

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims: To study the reaction patterns of selected antibodies to Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes cells exposed to various environmental stresses. Methods and Results: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes cells subjected to different environmental stress of temperatures (4 and 45°C), NaCl (5·5%), oxidative stress (15 mmol−1 H2O2), acidic pH (5·5) and ethanol (5%) for 3 h (short‐term stress) or for 5 days (long‐term stress) were analysed by ELISA and Western blotting. The ELISA results indicated that most stresses caused 12–16% reductions in reaction for anti‐E. coli O157:H7 and 20–48% reductions for anti‐Salmonella polyclonal antibodies during short‐term stress, whereas the most stresses exhibited enhanced reaction (44–100% increase) with the anti‐L. monocytogenes polyclonal antibody. During long‐term stress exposure to combined stress conditions of pH 5·5, 3·5% NaCl at 12°C or at 4°C, antibody reactions to the three pathogens were highly variable with the combined stress at 4°C showing the most reductions (8–40%). Likewise, there were about 18–59% reductions in antibody reactions with pathogens when cultured in hotdog samples with the combined stress conditions. Western blot analyses of crude cell surface antigens from both short‐ and long‐term stressed cells revealed that the changes in antibody reactions observed in ELISA were either because of repression, expression or possible denaturation of antigens on the surface of cells. Conclusions: Overall, the antibody reactions were significantly reduced in pathogens exposed to both short‐ and long‐term environmental stresses in culture medium or in meat sample because of expression, repression or denaturation of specific antigens in cells. Significance and Impact of the Study: In order to ensure the reliable detection of foodborne pathogens using antibody‐based methods, the influence of stress on antibody reactions should be thoroughly examined and understood first as the physiological activities in cells are often altered in response to a stress.

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Detection and Diagnosis ofListeriaand Listeriosis in Animals

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from a High-Prevalence Dairy Farm

Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from a High-Prevalence Dairy Farm

Dairy Farm Reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes Sporadic and Epidemic Strains

Effect of environmental stresses on antibody-based detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes

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