Detection and enumeration of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of pregnant women

Abstract

The aim of this study was to use the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to test the hypothesis of qualitative and quantitative differences of 8 periodontopathogens between pregnant and non-pregnant women. This cross-sectional study included 20 pregnant women in their second trimester of pregnancy and 20 non-pregnant women. Probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and presence of calculus were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and the FISH technique identified the presence and numbers of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. The Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to compare the data between the two groups. The mean age, ethnicity, marital status, education, and economic level in both groups were similar. The clinical parameters showed no significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The numbers of subgingival periodontopathogens were not found to be significantly different between groups, despite the higher mean counts of P. intermedia in pregnant women. Colonization patterns of the different bacteria most commonly associated with periodontal disease were not different in the subgingival plaque of pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Longitudinal study on clinical and microbial analysis of periodontal status in pregnancy

“…13,25,26 The complex pathogenesis of periodontal disease implies the involvement of a susceptible host and a bacterial challenge. 23 To qualitatively and quantitatively understand the bacterial microbial community, focusing on individual cell counts during and after pregnancy might be helpful in choosing appropriate management of oral conditions in these patients.…”

“…23 To qualitatively and quantitatively understand the bacterial microbial community, focusing on individual cell counts during and after pregnancy might be helpful in choosing appropriate management of oral conditions in these patients. 13 Thus, we designed this study to longitudinally evaluate the subgingival bacterial microbiome using FISH in pregnant woman before and after delivery. We studied the main species involved in periodontitis and their association with the patients' oral clinical status.…”

“…The clinical periodontal examination was performed as in our previous study, 13 and included the following parameters; bleeding on probing (BOP), presence of calculus (PC), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). All teeth were examined with the exception of the third molars; six sites per tooth were examined with a North Carolina periodontal probe (PCP-UNC 15, Hu-Friedy Manufacturing Inc., Chicago, USA), and the heights of BOP, PC, PD, and CAL were registered as scores for each tooth.…”

“…1,2,3,4,5,6 Several factors have been investigated during research on periodontal disease in pregnancy, including hormone levels, 7,8 virulence factors of microorganisms, 9,10 changes in immunologic responses, 5,11 and microbiota. 12,13,14,15,16,17,18 Various types of analysis and models have proven helpful in understanding the multi-factorial causes of periodontal disease. 7,8,19,20,21 Of these, bacterial challenge studies have provided a valuable contribution to understanding the complex pathogenesis of periodontal disease.…”

Bacterial Biofilm Cells Quantification Techniques: Where Is Consensus in Over Two Decades?

“…Lastly, fluorescence staining images may not be interpreted correctly by a substantial subset of humans who are green/red colour blind (Hope et al, 2002) (Tab 5). Hannig et al, 2010Fazli et al, 2011Sohier et al, 2014Machado et al, 2012Pantanella et al, 2013Dongari-Bagtzoglou, 2008Daims & Wagner, 2007 …”