Detection and Evaluation of metals in soil under influence of mining by Dispersive Energy X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF), Lavras do Sul/RS

Abstract

Rocks are the primary source of chemical elements found in the earth. Among them metallic elements, which are distributed in most natural environments and their distribution in soils is widespread. Knowledge of the soil chemical composition will provide subsidies for a prediction of phytotoxicity and possible groundwater contamination. Concentrations of metals, in the right quantities, are essential for maintaining life. Although, if in high quantities (toxicity), can cause damage to plants, animals, and humans. This work consists of a chemical analysis of soil samples in the region of Lavras do Sul / RS, where mineral deposits occur. Until the year 1981 mining activities occupied the area without municipality, resulting in ore and waste deposits at inappropriate places, generating environmental liabilities, contributing to soil chemistry, and consequently affecting public health. Through the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) method, 20 soil samples were analyzed in two profiles surrounding the municipality. Among them, high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ce and Cd were detected, possibly contributing to anthropic activities and seasonal fluctuations.

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“…The total hardness results of the samples showed elevated variation, with values between 14.29 and 88.77 mg L -1 of CaCO3 (Table 1), allowing the classification of these waters between soft and intermediary (Sawyer et al, 2000). The data presented corroborate the hardness ratings for urban and rural waters of Rio Grande do Sul State and Brazil (Steffens et al, 2015;Gomes et al, 2017;2018a;2018b), and are within the standards of Ordinance N º. 1469 (Anvisa, 2001).…”

“…Principal component analysis was also used to help identify the close relationship between sample/variables (Lawrence and Upchurch, 1982). Multivariate statistical analysis has been successfully applied in numerous hydrochemical studies, in which it has helped to simplify and organize a large amount of data and show the anthropic impact and/or investigate water contamination (Gomes et al, 2018a;2018b).…”

Soil Geochemistry Adjacent to Carbonatites From Caçapava Do Sul, Rs, by Fluorescence of X-Rays by Dispersive Energy

“…Thirty and four (PS1 -PS34) samples were collected in Picada dos Tocos Carbonatite area and twenty and eight (PS35-PS62) samples were collected in Passo Feio Carbonatite area, totaling sixty and two soil samples of 30 cm depth each (Mazhari et al, 2018;Reimann & Garett, 2005;Dung et al, 2013). For the packing were used plastic bags properly labeled and identified according to the collection point number and their respective depth (Embrapa, 2006;Gomes et al 2018;. Our sample grid was regularly spaced (equally spaced lines were established), as Flatman & Yfantis (1984) and Wollenhaupt & Wolkowski (1994) recommend for geostatistical methods.…”

Geoquímica E Petrografia De Depósitos Quaternários Da Porção Sw Da Praia Brava, Armação Dos Búzios, Rj, Brasil: Edfrx E Difração a Laser

“…As principais trocas iônicas estão correlacionadas com estes coeficientes de correlação (p) medidos e dentro de ordens iguais ou semelhantes. Neste caso, tal como Gomes et al (2018b) indica, sugere-se que aumentos ou diminuições, espontâneas e simultâneas, dos vetores catiônicos seja dado em função das trocas iônicas da própria assembleia mineral constituinte dos sedimentos aqui estudados.…”

“…Diversos trabalhos mostraram que a morfometria e geoquímica de sedimentos são ferramentas apropriadas para desvendar a fonte (CISLAGHI e BISCHETTI, 2019;MA et al, 2017) a configuração e evolução tectônica (VERMA e ARMSTRONG- ALTRIN, 2013;ROSER et al, 1996; taxas de denudação e processos erosionais das áreas fontes. A assinatura química, aliada a estudos de petrografia de sedimentos nos permite compreender os processos de interação água-rochasedimento e, por sua vez, a dinâmica do ambiente geoquímico em questão (GOMES et al, 2018b). O conhecimento acerca dos parâmetros geoquímicos tem sido aplicado em sedimentos para traçar o ambiente deposicional e as paleocondições das rochas fontes (CLAVERT e PEDERSEN, 1993;JONES e MANNING, 1994;GHABRIAL et al, 2012).…”