Detection and genotyping of canine coronavirus RNA in diarrheic dogs in Japan

Abstract

To clarify the prevalence of canine coronavirus (CCoV) infection in Japan, faecal samples from 109 dogs with diarrhoea were examined for CCoV RNA together with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) DNA. The detection rates of CCoV and CPV-2 for dogs aged less than 1 year were 66.3% and 43.8%, while those for dogs aged 1 year or older were 6.9% and 10.3%, respectively, which were significantly different (p<0.0001 and p=0.0003, respectively), indicating not CPV-2 but CCoV is an important diarrhoea-causing organism in juvenile dogs. Among the CCoV-positive dogs, 65.5% and 72.7% showed to be positive for CCoV types I and II, respectively, and simultaneous detection rate of both types was high at 40.0%. Furthermore, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)-like CCoV RNA was detected from 8 dogs. These findings indicate that CCoV type I and TGEV-like CCoV are already circulating in Japan, though no reports have been presented to date.

Molecular characterization of canine coronavirus strains circulating in Brazil

“…In accord with other studies (Ntafis et al, 2013;Soma et al, 2011), most of the CCoV-positive puppies in this study were less than three months of age. Although CCoV was detected in vaccinated puppies, it should be emphasized that at this age, the vaccination schedule has not been completed.…”

“…CCoV infection in dogs can occur with a single CCoV strain, or two strains may be present simultaneously (Decaro et al, 2009;Ntafis et al, 2013;Pratelli et al, 2004a;Soma et al, 2011). In addition, the CCoV-II genotype has been further divided into two subtypes, including the classical (IIa) and the TGEV-like (IIb) CCoVs (Decaro et al, 2009).…”

“…It was shown that the classical CCoV-IIa was the most predominant type in single and double infections. Both CCoV genotypes (I and II) have been reported to be circulating in Europe, China and Japan, and CCoV infections are frequently characterized by the simultaneous presence of both types Ntafis et al, 2013;Soma et al, 2011).…”

Canine Coronavirus: Not Only an Enteric Pathogen

“…24 Currently, two genotypes of CCoV are known, which have been designated CCoV types I (CCoV-I) and II (CCoV-II). [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] These genotypes differ mainly in their spike proteins that share only 54% identity. 25 Moreover, CCoV-I strains possess a unique ORF, 624 nt in length, that is completely absent in FCoV-I strains and of which only remnants remain in the genomes of CCoV-II and TGEV.…”

Replication of coronavirus

“…Coronavirüsler dışkıda, üst solumun yolundan alınan örneklerde ve hasta serumlarında tanımlanabilmektedir. Coronavirüslerin nefesle veya fekal kontaminasyonla bulaştığı düşünülmektedir (104,(118)(119)(120).…”