Detection and Identification by Immune Electron Microscopy of Fastidious Agents Associated with Respiratory Illness, Acute Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis, and Hepatitis A

Kapikian, Albert Z.; Purcell, Robert H.; Wyatt, Richard G.; Thornhill, Thomas S.; Kalica, Anthony R.; Chanock, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-560565-6.50010-3

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Filtrates were examined using immune electron microscopic (IElV[) techniques previously described (12). In these studies 0.2 ml of human immune serum gIobulin (Gammer ®, Armour Pharmaceutical Co., Phoenix, Ariz.) (diluted 1:5) was mixed with 0.8ml of each fecal filtrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of diarrhea in colostrum-deprived newborn rhesus monkeys with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis

Wyatt

Sly²,

London

et al. 1976

Archives of Virology

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Diarrhea developed in five newborn rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) inoculated orally on the first day of life with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Incubation period ranged from 2-5 days; virus particles were detected in stools in association with illness, and virus shedding lasted between 1 and 3 days. Virus derived from monkeys that developed illness following inoculation was infectious for other monkeys but did not induce diarrhea which could be associated temporally with virus shedding. Viral antigens were also detected in tissues of the grossly abnormal small intestine of an acutely-ill monkey. Serum antibody responses were demonstrated in two of the ill animals by complement-fixation and/or immunofluorescence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of diarrhea in colostrum-deprived newborn rhesus monkeys with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis

Wyatt

Sly²,

London

et al. 1976

Archives of Virology

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“…We, therefore, utilized the technique of immune electron microscopy (IEM) (2,16,17) in an attempt to detect these fastidious agents of acute viral gastroenteritis (18). In this technique, specific antibody aggregates the virus particles into small or large groups, thereby enabling their recognition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute viral gastroenteritis

Kapikian

1974

Preventive Medicine

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“…Hyperimmune sera specific for each of the VLPs were raised in guinea pigs in order to examine the antigenic relationships among these viruses by IEM. The IEM technique was performed as described previously by Kapikian et al [24]. Briefly, 0.2 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing a 1: 10 dilution of pre or post-guinea pig hyperimmune serum was mixed with 0.8 ml of culture fluid removed directly from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells five days post-infection.…”

Section: Recent Molecular Biologic Approaches For Study Of the Human mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volunteer studies also provided pre-and postchallenge infection sera. These sera were used to establish antigenic relationships among selected strains by IEM, which has been the "gold-standard" technique [24]. In this technique, specific antibodies, if present in a serum sample, react with surface viral antigens, resulting in virus particles coated with immunoglobulin molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of human caliciviruses in epidemic gastroenteritis

Green

1997

Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin

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Summary. Members of the Caliciviridae family of small, positive-sense RNA viruses exhibit a broad host range. The Norwalk and Norwalk-like caliciviruses in this family are major etiologic agents of epidemic gastroenteritis in humans. This illness characteristically lasts 24-48 h and often occurs in group settings such as families, schools, institutions, or communities. The spread of the human caliciviruses is considered to be predominantly by person-to-person contact via the fecal-oral-route. However, the ingestion of calicivirus-contaminated food or water can result in large-scale common-source outbreaks. Many basic features concerning the biology and replication of the human caliciviruses are not known because they have not yet been grown in cell culture and the virus does not appear to replicate in animal models other than the chimpanzee. Sequence analysis of RT-PCR-generated DNA fragments derived from serotypically distinct reference strains (such as the Norwalk, Hawaii, and Snow Mountain viruses) and other circulating strains associated with gastroenteritis has provided evidence for marked genetic diversity among these viruses. Moreover, analysis of the antigenic relationships among these viruses using paired sera from individuals infected with well-characterized reference strains or from animals immunized with recombinant "virus-like particles" (VLPs) suggests that several serotypes of these viruses are circulating worldwide. The availability of molecular techniques for the detection of these fastidious viruses has enabled epidemiologic studies that have strengthened the association of human caliciviruses with acute gastroenteritis and has demonstrated a potential role for antigenic diversity in the natural history of these pathogens.

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Detection and Identification by Immune Electron Microscopy of Fastidious Agents Associated with Respiratory Illness, Acute Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis, and Hepatitis A

Cited by 34 publications

References 64 publications

Induction of diarrhea in colostrum-deprived newborn rhesus monkeys with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis

Induction of diarrhea in colostrum-deprived newborn rhesus monkeys with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis

Acute viral gastroenteritis

The role of human caliciviruses in epidemic gastroenteritis

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