Detection and identification of a single DNA base molecule using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Kneipp, Katrin; Kneipp, Harald; Kartha, V. B.; Manoharan, Ramasamy; Deinum, Geurt; Itzkan, Irving; Dasari, Ramachandra R.; Feld, Michael S.

doi:10.1103/physreve.57.r6281

Cited by 548 publications

(493 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This result is roughly consistent with recent SERS data which showed the presence of intense signals, which appeared to be located between clusters of particles. [25][26] Emission spectra were collected from eight selected regions of varying brightness. In all cases, the emission spectra appeared to be that of fluorescein (Figure 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Fluorescence from Fluorophores on Fractal Silver Surfaces

et al. 2003

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Recent reports have shown enhanced fluorescence for fluorophores in close proximity to chemically deposited silver islands or colloids. To expand the usefulness of metal-enhanced fluorescence we tested fractal silver structures formed on, or near, silver electrodes by passage of electric currents. The emission intensity of fluorescein-labeled human serum albumin (FITC-HSA) was enhanced over 100-fold when adsorbed to the fractal silver structures as compared to glass. The amplitude-weighted lifetime is dramatically reduced to near 3 ps. Enhanced fluorescence was shown to result in selective observation of FITC-HSA over a fluorophore not attached to the silver surface. And finally, photostability measurements indicate 160-fold more photons are detectable from FITC-HSA on the fractal silver surface. These results suggest the use of in situ generated silver structures for metal-enhanced fluorescence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Fluorescence from Fluorophores on Fractal Silver Surfaces

et al. 2003

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“…Objective structural information of the microscopic structures could be obtained from the spatially resolved IR mapping of the sample areas. 8 These maps reflect the spatial distribution of functional groups (chemical mapping) or of the specific IR spectroscopic patterns (pattern mapping), and can be directly compared with the histological specimens produced by conventional staining procedures. 9 Although it is generally accepted that IR spectra of biological materials provide characteristic informa-tion of the chemical composition and structure, because of the overlapping absorbance due to multitude of cellular compounds, the bands observed in the mid-IR range are not highly resolved and hence it is very difficult to gain a comprehensive understanding of the biomolecules from the spectral information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy

2005

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“…The large (10 14 ) single-molecule enhancement is hypothetically attributed to large electromagnetic fields generated by fractal-pattern clusters of silver colloid nanoparticles (30). Since these two pioneering experiments, SERS has been used to detect single molecules of biologically significant compounds, such as adenosine monophosphate (50) and hemoglobin (51). Although the entire SERS community is excited by the recent development of single-molecule SERS, a new controversy surrounds the huge enhancement factors.…”

Section: Single-molecule Sersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Haynes¹,

McFarland²,

Duyne³

2005

Anal. Chem.

1,077

855

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mekal theoretically predicted inelastic light scattering in 1923 (1). Raman and Krishnan first experimentally observed the phenomenon and reported in their 1928 Nature paper that the inelastic scattering effect was characterized by "its feebleness in comparison with the ordinary scattering" (2). This "feeble" phenomenon is now known as Raman scattering. The change in wavelength that is observed when a photon undergoes Raman scattering is attributed to the excitation (or relaxation) of vibrational modes of a molecule. Because different functional groups have different characteristic vibrational energies, every molecule has a unique Raman spectrum. In accordance with the Raman selection rule, the molecular polarizability changes as the molecular vibrations displace the constituent atoms from their equilibrium positions. The intensity of Raman scattering is proportional to the magnitude of the change in molecular polarizability. Thus, aromatic molecules exhibit more intense Raman scattering than aliphatic molecules.Even so, Raman scattering cross sections are typically 14 orders of magnitude smaller than those of fluorescence; therefore, the Raman signal is still several orders of magnitude weaker than the fluorescence emission in most cases. Because of the inherently small intensity of the Raman signal, the sensitivity limits of available detectors, and the intensity of the excitation sources, the applicability of Raman scattering was restricted for many years. However, its utility as an analytical technique improved with the advent of the laser and the evolution of photon detection technology.In 1977, Jeanmaire and Van Duyne demonstrated that the magnitude of the Raman scattering signal can be greatly enhanced when the scatterer is placed on or near a roughened noble-metal substrate (3). Strong electromagnetic fields are generated when the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanoscale roughness features on a silver, gold, or copper substrate is excited by visible light. When the Raman scatterer is subjected to these intensified electromagnetic fields, the magnitude of the induced dipole increases, and accordingly, the intensity of the inelastic scattering increases. This enhanced scattering process is known as surface-enhanced Raman (SER) scattering-a term that emphasizes the key role of the noblemetal substrate in this phenomenon.

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Detection and identification of a single DNA base molecule using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Cited by 548 publications

References 19 publications

Enhanced Fluorescence from Fluorophores on Fractal Silver Surfaces

Enhanced Fluorescence from Fluorophores on Fractal Silver Surfaces

Spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

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